Since the 1980s, studies of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from anuran skin secretions have unveiled remarkable structural diversity and a wide range of activities. This study explores the potential of these peptides for drug development by examining granted patents, amino acid modifications related to patented peptides, and recent amphibians’ taxonomic updates influencing AMP names. A total of 188 granted patents related to different anuran peptides were found, with Asia and North America being the predominant regions, contributing 65.4% and 15.4%, respectively. Conversely, although the Neotropical region is the world’s most diversified region for amphibians, it holds only 3.7% of the identified patents. The antimicrobial activities of the peptides are claimed in 118 of these 188 patents. Additionally, for 160 of these peptides, 66 patents were registered for the natural sequence, 69 for both natural and derivative sequences, and 20 exclusively for sequence derivatives. Notably, common modifications include alterations in the side chains of amino acids and modifications to the peptides’ N- and C-termini. This review underscores the biomedical potential of anuran-derived AMPs, emphasizing the need to bridge the gap between AMP description and practical drug development while highlighting the urgency of biodiversity conservation to facilitate biomedical discoveries.

中文翻译：

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两栖类无尾动物专利抗菌肽的综合综述

自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，对源自无尾动物皮肤分泌物的抗菌肽 (AMP) 的研究揭示了其显着的结构多样性和广泛的活性。本研究通过检查已授予的专利、与专利肽相关的氨基酸修饰以及影响 AMP 名称的最新两栖动物分类学更新，探讨了这些肽用于药物开发的潜力。共发现与不同无尾酰肽相关的授权专利188件，其中亚洲和北美是主要地区，分别占65.4%和15.4%。相反，尽管新热带地区是世界上两栖动物最多样化的地区，但它仅拥有已识别专利的 3.7%。这 188 项专利中有 118 项要求保护这些肽的抗菌活性。此外，对于其中 160 种肽，其中 66 项为天然序列注册专利，69 项为天然序列和衍生序列注册专利，20 项专门为序列衍生物注册。值得注意的是，常见的修饰包括氨基酸侧链的改变以及肽 N 端和 C 端的修饰。本综述强调了无尾葵衍生的 AMP 的生物医学潜力，强调需要弥合 AMP 描述和实际药物开发之间的差距，同时强调保护生物多样性以促进生物医学发现的紧迫性。