Studies on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of contaminants in Crocodylians are scarce. We evaluated alterations in concentrations of the nondestructive biomarkers butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH), together with bioaccumulation of the metals iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chronium (Cr), aluminium (Al), and lead (Pb) in Caiman latirostris captured in Tapacurá Reservoir (TR; São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco, Brasil), in urbanized areas of Pernambuco State (UA; Brasil) and from the AME Brasil caiman farm (AF; Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas, Brasil); the latter was used as a potential reference with low levels of contamination. For metal analysis, 500 µL of blood was digested in 65% HNO₃ and 30% H₂O₂. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. For analysis of biomarkers, an aliquot of blood was centrifuged to obtain plasma in which biochemical assays were performed. Blood concentrations of metals analyzed in animals from AF were lower compared with TR and UA, confirming that animals from the caiman farm could be used as references with low levels of contamination. Iron, Cu, Mn, Al, and Pb exceeded toxic levels for other vertebrates in animals from TR and UA. Butyrylcholinesterase activity showed significant reduction in adults from UA and TR compared with AF. An increase in the activity of GST and GSH, in adults of TR and UA in relation to AF, was verified. Superoxide dismutase activity showed a significant reduction in adults of TR in relation to AF, and the concentrations of Cu and Mn were negatively correlated with SOD activity. Animals from UA and TR showed greater concentrations of the analyzed metals compared with reference animals, and changes in biomarkers were seen, confirming the potential of these nondestructive chemical and biological parameters in blood of C. latirostris for biomonitoring of pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:878–895. © 2024 SETAC

中文翻译：

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巴西东北部宽吻凯门鳄 (Caiman latirostris) 血液中金属生物累积和生化生物标志物的无损评估

关于鳄鱼体内污染物的生物累积性和毒性的研究很少。我们评估了非破坏性生物标志物丁酰胆碱酯酶 (BChE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 浓度的变化，以及金属铁 (Fe)、铜 (Cu) 的生物累积。城市化地区 Tapacurá 水库（TR；巴西伯南布哥州圣洛伦索达马塔）捕获的凯门鳄中的锌 (Zn)、锰 (Mn)、铬 (Cr)、铝 (Al) 和铅 (Pb)伯南布哥州（UA；巴西）和 AME 巴西凯门鳄养殖场（AF；Marechal Deodoro，阿拉戈斯，巴西）；后者被用作污染程度较低的潜在参考。对于金属分析，500 µL 血液在 65% HNO ₃和 30% H ₂ O ₂中消化。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对样品进行分析。为了分析生物标志物，将等份血液离心以获得血浆，在其中进行生化测定。与 TR 和 UA 相比，AF 动物的血液金属浓度较低，证实来自凯门鳄养殖场的动物可用作污染水平较低的参考。 TR 和 UA 动物体内的铁、铜、锰、铝和铅超出了对其他脊椎动物的毒性水平。与 AF 相比，UA 和 TR 的成人丁酰胆碱酯酶活性显着降低。已证实 TR 和 UA 成人中 GST 和 GSH 活性与 AF 相关的增加。与AF相比，TR成虫的超氧化物歧化酶活性显着降低，并且Cu和Mn的浓度与SOD活性呈负相关。与参考动物相比，来自 UA 和 TR 的动物显示出更高浓度的分析金属，并且观察到生物标志物的变化，证实了C. latirostris血液中这些非破坏性化学和生物参数用于污染生物监测的潜力。环境毒理学2024；43：878–895。 © 2024 SETAC 版权所有