Rapid and repeated climate adaptation involving chromosome inversions following invasion of an insect,Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Rapid and repeated climate adaptation involving chromosome inversions following invasion of an insect
Molecular Biology and Evolution ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 , DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae044
Li-Jun Ma ₁ , Li-Jun Cao ₁ , Jin-Cui Chen ₁ , Meng-Qing Tang _{1,

2} , Wei Song ₁ , Fang-Yuan Yang ₁ , Xiu-Jing Shen ₁ , Ya-Jing Ren _{1,

2} , Qiong Yang ₃ , Hu Li ₂ , Ary Anthony Hoffmann ₃ , Shu-Jun Wei ₁

Affiliation

Following invasion, insects can become adapted to conditions experienced in their invasive range, but there are few studies on the speed of adaptation and its genomic basis. Here, we examine a small insect pest, Thrips palmi, following its contemporary range expansion across a sharp climate gradient from the subtropics to temperate areas. We first found a geographically associated population genetic structure and inferred a stepping-stone dispersal pattern in this pest from the open fields of southern China to greenhouse environments of northern regions, with limited gene flow after colonization. In common garden experiments, both the field and greenhouse groups exhibited clinal patterns in thermal tolerance as measured by CTmax (critical thermal maximum) closely linked with latitude and temperature variables. A selection experiment reinforced the evolutionary potential of CTmax with an estimated h2 of 6.8% for the trait. We identified three inversions in the genome that were closely associated with CTmax, accounting for 49.9%, 19.6%, and 8.6% of the variance in CTmax among populations. Other genomic variation in CTmax outside the inversion region were specific to certain populations but functionally conserved. These findings highlight rapid adaptation to CTmax in both open field and greenhouse populations and reiterate the importance of inversions behaving as large-effect alleles in climate adaptation.

更新日期：2024-02-24

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