The offshore crude oil spill has caused serious environmental damage and affected the balance of the ecosystem. Due to the high viscosity and poor fluidity of crude oil, conventional adsorbents cannot effectively remove it. The heat converted from solar energy can reduce the viscosity of the crude oil, improved its fluidity, allowing it to be adsorbed by a porous material and then recycle, it is considered an effective approach. Herein, we have designed a melamine composite sponge decorated with Fe₃O₄ and modified by PDMS (MS@Fe₃O₄-PDMS) with good photothermal conversion performance, which can recover viscous crude oil with the assistance of solar energy. The surface temperature of MS@Fe₃O₄-PDMS can reach around 88.0 ℃ under the light intensity of 1 kW·m^− 2, effectively heating crude oil and accelerating its absorption. In the continuous crude oil recovery experiment, the absorption rate of MS@Fe₃O₄-PDMS reached 52.46 kg·m^− 2·h^− 1. In addition, the composite sponge has good processability, facile preparation method, and practical application potential.

海上原油泄漏事件造成了严重的环境破坏，影响了生态系统的平衡。由于原油粘度高、流动性差，常规吸附剂无法有效去除。太阳能转化的热量可以降低原油的粘度，改善其流动性，使其被多孔材料吸附然后回收，被认为是一种有效的方法。在此，我们设计了一种Fe ₃ O ₄修饰并经PDMS改性的三聚氰胺复合海绵（MS@Fe ₃ O ₄ -PDMS），具有良好的光热转换性能，可借助太阳能回收粘稠原油。_{MS@Fe 3} O _{4 -PDMS在1 kW·m} ^{− 2}的光强下表面温度可达88.0 ℃左右，有效加热原油并加速其吸收。_{在连续原油采收实验中，MS@Fe 3} O ₄ -PDMS的吸收率达到52.46 kg·m ^{− 2} ·h ^{− 1}。此外，该复合海绵具有良好的加工性能，制备方法简便，具有实际应用潜力。