This paper reports recent advancements in chitosan‐based antimicrobial biomaterials that aim to address the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Today, AMR is one of the most significant public health challenges the world is facing. To combat the overuse of antibiotics, a range of materials, including advanced nanosized polymers, have been explored as potential antimicrobial agents. In this direction, chitosan scores highly because of its unique combination of properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, non‐toxic, and, most importantly, its intrinsic antibacterial and antifungal activity. Herein, an overview of chitosan and its derivatives as potential alternatives to conventional antimicrobial therapeutics is reported. This review starts with understanding the AMR mechanism, which is critical for developing suitable materials for treating infectious diseases. Then, the inherent characteristics, modes of antimicrobial action, and factors that impact the antimicrobial effectiveness of chitosan and its derivatives are discussed. The authors further summarize various clinical trial results of chitosan‐based materials as antimicrobial agents. Finally, various antimicrobial applications of chitosan‐based materials are reported. In summary, this review offers new insights into the design of chitosan‐based sustainable materials for various antimicrobial applications.

中文翻译：

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重新构想基于壳聚糖的抗菌生物材料以减轻抗生素耐药性并缓解抗生素过度使用：综述

本文报告了基于壳聚糖的抗菌生物材料的最新进展，旨在解决抗菌素耐药性（AMR）问题。如今，抗菌素耐药性是世界面临的最重大的公共卫生挑战之一。为了对抗抗生素的过度使用，人们已经探索了一系列材料，包括先进的纳米聚合物，作为潜在的抗菌剂。在这个方向上，壳聚糖因其独特的特性组合而获得很高的评价，如生物降解性、生物相容性、生物活性、无毒，最重要的是其固有的抗菌和抗真菌活性。本文概述了壳聚糖及其衍生物作为传统抗菌疗法的潜在替代品。本综述从了解 AMR 机制开始，这对于开发治疗传染病的合适材料至关重要。然后，讨论了壳聚糖及其衍生物的固有特性、抗菌作用方式以及影响抗菌效果的因素。作者进一步总结了基于壳聚糖的材料作为抗菌剂的各种临床试验结果。最后，报道了基于壳聚糖的材料的各种抗菌应用。总之，这篇综述为各种抗菌应用的基于壳聚糖的可持续材料的设计提供了新的见解。