Aim:We wanted to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health in Danish school children in 5th to 7th grade (11 to 15 years), and whether the impact differed across age and sex.Methods:We included 793 and 391 school children from winter 2020 and winter 2021, respectively. Mental health was measured using the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Data were analyzed by sex using linear regression models adjusting for grade (age), cohabitation, geographical region, employment status of parents, and schools as clusters.Results:Girls in 5th grade and boys in 6th grade during Covid-19 had statistically significant lower well-being (SWEMWBS) compared with before Covid-19. Girls in 5th and 6th grade during Covid-19 had non-statistically significant lower scores on all subscales of SDQ compared with girls before Covid-19. Girls in 7th grade during Covid-19 had statistically significant lower total difficulty score (SDQ) and fewer conduct problems (SDQ) compared with girls before Covid-19. Boys in 5th grade during Covid-19 had statistically significant fewer conduct problems (SDQ) compared with boys before Covid-19.Conclusions:This study indicates that the Covid-19 pandemic impacted Danish school children differently across sex and grade (age). During Covid-19, mental health tended to be better among the oldest girls and worse among the youngest girls compared with girls before Covid-19. Boys in 6th grade had poorer mental well-being, and boys in 5th grade had fewer conduct problems during Covid-19 compared with before Covid-19.

中文翻译：

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Covid-19 大流行对丹麦 5 至 7 年级学童心理健康的影响

目的：我们想要研究 Covid-19 大流行对丹麦 5 至 7 年级（11 至 15 岁）学童心理健康的影响，以及这种影响是否因年龄和性别而异。方法：我们纳入了 793 名和 391 名学生分别从 2020 年冬季和 2021 年冬季开始的学童。使用简短的沃里克-爱丁堡心理健康量表（SWEMWBS）、优势和困难问卷（SDQ）和简短的弹性量表（BRS）来测量心理健康状况。使用线性回归模型按性别对数据进行分析，并调整年级（年龄）、同居情况、地理区域、父母的就业状况和学校作为聚类。结果：Covid-19 期间五年级女生和六年级男生的感染率具有统计学意义与 Covid-19 之前相比的幸福感 (SWEMWBS)。与 Covid-19 之前的女孩相比，Covid-19 期间 5 年级和六年级的女孩在 SDQ 所有分量表上的得分均较低，无统计学意义。与 Covid-19 之前的女孩相比，Covid-19 期间七年级女孩的总难度分数 (SDQ) 和行为问题 (SDQ) 均显着降低，具有统计学意义。与 Covid-19 之前的男孩相比，Covid-19 期间五年级男孩的行为问题 (SDQ) 在统计学上显着减少。 结论：这项研究表明，Covid-19 大流行对不同性别和年级（年龄）的丹麦学童的影响不同。在 Covid-19 期间，与 Covid-19 之前的女孩相比，年龄最大的女孩的心理健康状况往往更好，而年龄最小的女孩的心理健康状况往往更差。与 Covid-19 之前相比，Covid-19 期间六年级男孩的心理健康状况较差，五年级男孩的行为问题较少。