Wearable devices increasingly incorporate vibrotactile feedback notifications to users, which are limited by the frequency-dependent response characteristics of the low-cost actuators that they employ. To increase the range and type of information that can be conveyed to users via vibration feedback, it is crucial to understand user perception of vibration cue intensity across the narrow range of frequencies that these actuators operate. In this paper, we quantify user perception of vibration cues conveyed via a linear resonant actuator embedded in a bracelet interface using two psychophysical experiments. We also experimentally determine the frequency response characteristics of the wearable device. We then compare user perceived intensity of vibration cues delivered by the bracelet when the cues undergo frequency-specific amplitude modulation based on user perception compared to modulation based on the experimental or manufacturer-reported characterization of the actuator dynamic response. For applications in which designers rely on user perception of cue amplitudes across frequencies to be equivalent, it is recommended that a perceptual calibration experiment be conducted to determine appropriate modulation factors. For applications in which only relative perceived amplitudes are important, basing amplitude modulation factors on manufacturer data or experimentally determined dynamic response characteristics of the wearable device should be sufficient.

中文翻译：

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比较基于固有动态范围缩放的振动线索的感知强度

可穿戴设备越来越多地向用户提供振动触觉反馈通知，这受到它们所使用的低成本执行器的频率相关响应特性的限制。为了增加可通过振动反馈传达给用户的信息的范围和类型，了解用户在这些执行器操作的狭窄频率范围内对振动提示强度的感知至关重要。在本文中，我们使用两个心理物理学实验量化了用户对通过嵌入手环界面中的线性谐振执行器传达的振动提示的感知。我们还通过实验确定了可穿戴设备的频率响应特性。然后，当提示经过基于用户感知的频率特定幅度调制时，我​​们将手环传递的振动提示的用户感知强度与基于执行器动态响应的实验或制造商报告的特征的调制进行比较。对于设计人员依赖用户对跨频率提示幅度的感知来实现等效的应用，建议进行感知校准实验以确定适当的调制因子。对于仅相对感知幅度很重要的应用，基于制造商数据或实验确定的可穿戴设备的动态响应特性的幅度调制因子应该足够了。