Reconfigurable metasurfaces have exhibited significant potential in wireless communication owing to their capacity to transmit information without relying on traditional complex radio frequency (RF) chain transmitters. Nonetheless, the majority of metasurface‐based wireless communication systems modulate signals only in the time domain. Here, an amplitude‐phase reconfigurable metasurface is proposed to establish a wireless communication system that can simultaneously transmit different messages to users by encoding digital signals within the spatial domain. By changing the bias voltages of varactors integrated in the meta‐atom, the reconfigurable metasurface can achieve independent 3‐bit phase and 1‐bit amplitude coding. Through a beamforming methodology, the proposed metasurface generates diverse scattering beams with suppressed sidelobe levels, which not only enables multiple channels through space coding but also reduces signal leakage in undesired directions. Numerical simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the beamforming scheme, and a dual‐channel wireless communication system is established. The results show that two distinct images can be simultaneously retrieved by two separate users, which demonstrates the dual‐channel transmission capability of the wireless communication system. The proposed strategy opens up an avenue for implementing multi‐channel wireless communication systems, which indicates its great potential in multiple‐user collaborative wireless communication and radar systems.

中文翻译：

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基于幅度相位可重构空间编码波束成形超表面的多通道无线通信

可重构超表面由于其无需依赖传统复杂射频（RF）链发射器即可传输信息的能力，在无线通信中展现出巨大的潜力。尽管如此，大多数基于超表面的无线通信系统仅在时域中调制信号。在这里，提出了一种幅度相位可重构超表面来建立一种无线通信系统，该系统可以通过在空间域内编码数字信号来同时向用户传输不同的消息。通过改变集成在超原子中的变容二极管的偏置电压，可重构超表面可以实现独立的3位相位和1位幅度编码。通过波束形成方法，所提出的超表面生成具有抑制旁瓣电平的多种散射光束，这不仅可以通过空间编码实现多个通道，还可以减少不需要的方向上的信号泄漏。通过数值仿真和实验验证了波束成形方案，并建立了双通道无线通信系统。结果表明，两个不同的用户可以同时检索两个不同的图像，这证明了无线通信系统的双通道传输能力。所提出的策略开辟了实现多通道无线通信系统的途径，这表明其在多用户协作无线通信和雷达系统中的巨大潜力。