Cathinones are often sold as “legal” alternatives to controlled stimulants such as amphetamine, MDMA and cocaine. Cathinones are the second largest group of new psychoactive substances (NPS), with close to 170 monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Although all cathinones are related to the parent compound cathinone, one of the psychoactive principles in khat, assigning consistent, informative and user‐friendly common names to these substances is challenging. Over time different naming approaches have been applied, leading to cathinones being known by several names. This work provides a framework and practical examples for the consistent naming of cathinones which is easy to understand and can be applied by the forensic community, researchers, clinical practitioners, and policy makers. The scope of the issue and rationale for earlier naming approaches are also discussed. The new naming framework has been developed based on established naming approaches and centered around the common “cathinone,” and “phenone” motifs/scaffolds. The proposed framework establishes clear rules to derive the EMCDDA framework names for cathinones. Each name is, in turn, composed by a principal name containing a parent letter, derived after the “cathinone” or the “phenone” scaffold. Additional substitutions are prepended to the principal name. The framework also provides for exceptions for several cathinones and structural analogs scheduled under UN and EU legislation.

中文翻译：

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EMCDDA 框架和卡西酮命名实用指南

卡西酮通常作为安非他明、摇头丸和可卡因等受控兴奋剂的“合法”替代品出售。卡西酮是第二大类新型精神活性物质 (NPS)，欧洲毒品和毒瘾监测中心 (EMCDDA) 监测了近 170 种卡西酮。尽管所有卡西酮都与母体化合物卡西酮（卡塔叶中的精神活性原理之一）相关，但为这些物质指定一致、信息丰富且用户友好的通用名称具有挑战性。随着时间的推移，人们采用了不同的命名方法，导致卡西酮有多个名称。这项工作为卡西酮的一致命名提供了一个框架和实例，易于理解，可供法医界、研究人员、临床从业者和政策制定者应用。还讨论了问题的范围和早期命名方法的基本原理。新的命名框架是根据既定的命名方法开发的，并以常见的“卡西酮”和“苯酮”图案/支架为中心。拟议的框架制定了明确的规则来导出卡西酮的 EMCDDA 框架名称。每个名称依次由包含父字母的主要名称组成，该父字母源自“cathinone”或“phenone”支架。其他替换会添加到主体名称前面。该框架还规定了联合国和欧盟立法规定的几种卡西酮和结构类似物的例外情况。