Abstract:

This study explores the complicated nature of the citizenship of ethnic return migrants from Japan and Korea, Nikkeijin and Joseonjok. It aims to contribute to the scholarship by demonstrating that racism and nationalism are layered concepts by examining the reasons why Nikkeijin and Joseonjok enjoy preferential treatment to some extent but at the same time become targets of discrimination in Korea and Japan. I draw on Christian Joppke's position that citizenship is composed not only of legal status but also of social and identity elements and utilize two relatively novel concepts that shed new light on the complex nature of Nikkeijin and Joseonjok citizenship. One is Takeyuki Tsuda's concept of ethnoracism, which helps capture the type of racism aimed at groups that are not racially distinct but whose ostensible background differences are essentialized as inferior. The other is Gil-Soo Han's nouveau-riche nationalism, which argues that migrants are evaluated according to the global and developmental status of their country of origin. This comparative analysis helps demonstrate how the lives of Joseonjok and Nikkeijin are shaped by multiple layers of nationalism, racism, and status perceptions in their respective countries of residence.

摘要：

本研究探讨了来自日本、韩国、日经人和朝鲜族回返移民的公民身份的复杂性。其目的是通过研究日经人和朝鲜人在某种程度上享受优惠待遇但同时成为韩国和日本歧视目标的原因，证明种族主义和民族主义是分层概念，从而为学术做出贡献。我借鉴克里斯蒂安·约普克的观点，即公民身份不仅由法律地位组成，还由社会和身份要素组成，并利用两个相对新颖的概念，为日经人和朝鲜公民的复杂性质提供了新的视角。其中之一是津田武之的民族种族主义概念，它有助于捕捉针对种族不同但其表面背景差异本质上是劣等群体的种族主义类型。另一个是韩吉秀的暴发户民族主义，它认为移民是根据其原籍国的全球和发展状况来评估的。这种比较分析有助于展示朝鲜祖和日经人的生活如何受到各自居住国的多层民族主义、种族主义和地位观念的影响。