Intestinal development takes places in two phases, the initial formation of neonatal (mammals)/larval (anurans) intestine and its subsequent maturation into the adult form. This maturation occurs during postembryonic development when plasma thyroid hormone (T3) level peaks. In anurans such as the highly related and , the larval/tadpole intestine is drastically remodeled from a simple tubular structure to a complex, multi-folded adult organ during T3-dependent metamorphosis. This involved complete degeneration of larval epithelium via programmed cell death and formation of adult epithelium, with concurrent maturation of the muscles and connective tissue. Here, we will summarize our current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, with a focus on more recent genetic and genome-wide studies.

中文翻译：

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非洲爪蟾变态过程中的肠道重塑作为研究甲状腺激素信号传导和成体器官发生的模型

肠道发育分为两个阶段，新生儿（哺乳动物）/幼虫（无尾动物）肠道的最初形成以及随后成熟为成体形式。这种成熟发生在胚胎后发育期间，此时血浆甲状腺激素 (T3) 水平达到峰值。在无尾目动物中，例如高度相关的 和 ，幼虫/蝌蚪肠道在 T3 依赖性变态过程中从简单的管状结构彻底重塑为复杂的、多折叠的成体器官。这涉及幼虫上皮通过程序性细胞死亡和成体上皮的形成而完全退化，同时肌肉和结缔组织成熟。在这里，我们将总结我们目前对潜在分子机制的理解，重点关注最近的遗传和全基因组研究。