The fact that alkaloids are bases has been the most explored chemical feature of their extraction and purification procedures. The main drawback of these procedures is that they employ undesirable chemicals, with HCl and CH₂Cl₂ probably being the most commonly employed chemicals in their subsequent steps. This work tested the hypothesis that advantages in recovery efficiency support this common practice. Experiments were conducted in three laboratories, monitoring the alkaloids harmine (1), boldine (2), vincamine (3), and mescaline (4) extracted from Banisteriopsis caapi, Peumus boldus, Vinca minor, and Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi, respectively. The research demonstrated that HCl could be replaced with citric acid (CA) without loss or even better extraction performance. The recommended EtOAc could completely replace CH₂Cl₂ in three out of four study cases and partially in the fourth case without harming the extraction efficiency. In addition, the alternative solvents tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and n-butyl acetate (BuOAc) could enhance the extraction of alkaloids. These results might incentivize natural products laboratories to consider sustainability more routinely, thus being closer to current practices in the pharmaceutical industry, which has been replacing solvents and processes with greener ones.

中文翻译：

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实现植物化学中更可持续的样品制备：生物碱四个亚类的案例研究

生物碱是碱这一事实是其提取和纯化过程中探索最多的化学特征。这些程序的主要缺点是它们使用了不需要的化学品，其中HCl和CH ₂ Cl ₂可能是其后续步骤中最常用的化学品。这项工作测试了回收效率优势支持这种常见做法的假设。实验在三个实验室进行，监测从Banisteriopsis caapi、Peumus Boldus、Vinca Minor和Trichocereus Macrogonus var. 中提取的生物碱骆驼蓬碱 ( 1 )、博尔丁 ( 2 )、长春胺 ( 3 ) 和麦司卡林 ( 4 ) 。分别是帕查诺伊。研究表明，HCl 可以用柠檬酸 (CA) 替代，而不会损失甚至更好的提取性能。推荐的 EtOAc 可以在四分之三的研究案例中完全替代 CH ₂ Cl ₂ ，在第四个案例中部分替代 CH 2 Cl 2 ，而不会损害萃取效率。此外，替代溶剂甲基叔戊基醚（TAME）和乙酸正丁酯（BuOAc）可以增强生物碱的提取。这些结果可能会激励天然产物实验室更经常地考虑可持续性，从而更接近制药行业的当前实践，制药行业一直在用更环保的溶剂和工艺取代溶剂和工艺。