Polymer vesicles and lipid nanoparticles are supramolecular structures with similar physicochemical properties that are self-assembled from different amphiphilic molecules. Because of their efficient drug encapsulation capability, they are good candidates for drug delivery systems. In recent years, nanoparticles with different compositions, sizes, and morphologies have been applied to the delivery of a wide variety of different therapeutic molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes; their remarkable chemical versatility allows for customization to specific biological applications. In this review, design approaches for polymer vesicles and lipid nanoparticles are summarized with representative examples in terms of their physicochemical properties (size, shape, and mechanical features), preparation strategies (film rehydration, solvent switch, and nanoprecipitation), and applications (with a focus on diagnosis, imaging, and RNA-based therapy). Finally, the challenges limiting the transition from laboratory to clinical application and future perspectives are discussed.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Materials Research, Volume 54 is July 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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聚合物囊泡和脂质纳米颗粒

聚合物囊泡和脂质纳米颗粒是由不同两亲性分子自组装而成的具有相似理化性质的超分子结构。由于其有效的药物封装能力，它们是药物输送系统的良好候选者。近年来，具有不同组成、尺寸和形态的纳米颗粒已被应用于递送各种不同的治疗分子，例如核酸、蛋白质和酶；它们卓越的化学多功能性允许针对特定的生物应用进行定制。在这篇综述中，总结了聚合物囊泡和脂质纳米颗粒的设计方法，并在其物理化学性质（尺寸、形状和机械特征）、制备策略（薄膜补水、溶剂转换和纳米沉淀）和应用（与重点关注诊断、成像和基于 RNA 的治疗）。最后，讨论了限制从实验室向临床应用过渡的挑战以及未来的前景。《材料研究年度评论》第 54 卷的预计最终在线发布日期为 2024 年 7 月。请参阅 http://www.annualreviews.org/page /journal/pubdates 以获得修订后的估计。