Following ingestion of fruits, vegetables and derived products, (poly)phenols that are not absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract pass to the colon, where they undergo microbiota-mediated ring fission resulting in the production of a diversity of low molecular weight phenolic catabolites, which appear in the circulatory system and are excreted in urine along with their phase II metabolites. There is increasing interest in these catabolites because of their potential bioactivity and their use as biomarkers of (poly)phenol intake. Investigating the fate of dietary (poly)phenolics in the colon has become confounded as a result of the recent realisation that many of the phenolics appearing in biofluids can also be derived from the aromatic amino acids, -phenylalanine and -tyrosine, and to a lesser extent catecholamines, in reactions that can be catalysed by both colonic microbiota and endogenous mammalian enzymes. The available evidence, albeit currently rather limited, indicates that substantial amounts of phenolic catabolites originate from phenylalanine and tyrosine, while somewhat smaller quantities are produced from dietary (poly)phenols. This review outlines information on this topic and assesses procedures that can be used to help distinguish between phenolics originating from dietary (poly)phenols, the two aromatic amino acids and catecholamines.

中文翻译：

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探索和解开膳食（多）酚、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和儿茶酚胺中潜在生物活性酚类分解代谢物的生产

摄入水果、蔬菜和衍生产品后，上胃肠道未吸收的（多）酚会进入结肠，在那里它们经历微生物介导的环裂变，从而产生多种低分子量酚类分解代谢物，它们出现在循环系统中并与其 II 相代谢物一起通过尿液排出。人们对这些分解代谢物越来越感兴趣，因为它们具有潜在的生物活性，并且可以用作（多）酚摄入的生物标志物。由于最近认识到生物体液中出现的许多酚类物质也可以源自芳香族氨基酸、β-苯丙氨酸和β-酪氨酸，并且对结肠中膳食（多）酚类物质的命运的研究变得令人困惑。在可由结肠微生物群和内源性哺乳动物酶催化的反应中，一定程度地产生儿茶酚胺。现有证据（尽管目前相当有限）表明，大量酚类分解代谢物源自苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸，而少量是由膳食（多）酚产生的。本综述概述了有关该主题的信息，并评估了可用于帮助区分源自膳食（多）酚（两种芳香氨基酸和儿茶酚胺）的酚类物质的程序。