This paper addresses the gap between crisis communication scholarship and the growing research on intractable issues and wicked problems in public relations. By synthesizing these literatures, the concept of intractability more clearly connects issues, risks, and crises within a community-oriented mindset. The literature review organizes crisis communication scholarship into rhetorical, perceptual, risk-oriented, and conflict-oriented categories, then introduces intractable issues and wicked problems as supplementary and beneficial frameworks. There are similarities and differences among crises and intractable issues, with distinctions mainly arising in terms of urgency and perceived proximity to organizations. Issues, risks, and crises can be mapped using the continua of immediacy/temporal urgency and organizational or societal issue centrality. This creates four quadrants: A zone of reputational crises, a zone of intractability, a zone of wicked problems, and a zone of organizational responsibility.

中文翻译：

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将共同危机诊断为严重棘手问题：组织公共关系理论中的危机和棘手问题

本文探讨了危机传播学术与公共关系中棘手问题和邪恶问题日益增长的研究之间的差距。通过综合这些文献，棘手性的概念更清楚地以社区为导向的思维方式将问题、风险和危机联系起来。文献综述将危机沟通学术分为修辞学、感性学、风险导向和冲突导向等类别，然后引入棘手问题和邪恶问题作为补充和有益的框架。危机和棘手问题之间既有相似之处，也有不同之处，主要区别在于紧迫性和与组织的接近程度。问题、风险和危机可以利用即时性/时间紧迫性和组织或社会问题中心性的连续性来绘制。这就创建了四个象限：声誉危机区域、棘手区域、邪恶问题区域和组织责任区域。