Supercapacitors using the electrolyte containing aniline-substituted viologen were fabricated, and the effects of the substitution number of the aniline group on viologen materials were studied. The electrolyte mainly comprised 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide, dimethyl ferrocene, and the aniline-substituted viologens. As-synthesized aniline monomer, aniline dimer, and aniline trimer were used to substitute into the nitrogen site of the viologen molecule. The areal capacitance value of aniline dimer substituted viologen was 5.81 mF/cm, while the values for aniline monomer and aniline trimer substituted viologens were 0.82 and 2.17 mF/cm, respectively. The electrochemical stability for 1000 cycles was 98.6%, 90.8%, and 20.3% for the aniline monomer, aniline dimer, and aniline trimer substituted viologens, respectively. Electrolytes with aniline dimer substituted viologen represented good performance and high stability. On the other hand, aniline monomer exhibited poor performance for the supercapacitor, and aniline trimer substituted viologen showed very low stability, originating from a low solubility to build electrolytes. From these results, the aniline dimer was the appropriate substituent for the viologen, and the proposed material is expected to play an important role in enhancing the performance of the organic supercapacitor.

中文翻译：

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用于超级电容器的苯胺取代的含紫罗碱的氧化还原活性电解质

采用含有苯胺取代紫罗碱的电解液制备了超级电容器，并研究了苯胺基取代数对紫罗碱材料的影响。电解质主要包括1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、二甲基二茂铁和苯胺取代的紫精。使用合成的苯胺单体、苯胺二聚体和苯胺三聚体取代紫罗碱分子的氮位点。苯胺二聚体取代的紫精的面积电容值为5.81 mF/cm，而苯胺单体和苯胺三聚体取代的紫精的面积电容值分别为0.82和2.17 mF/cm。苯胺单体、苯胺二聚体和苯胺三聚体取代的紫精的1000次循环的电化学稳定性分别为98.6%、90.8%和20.3%。苯胺二聚体取代紫精的电解质表现出良好的性能和高稳定性。另一方面，苯胺单体对于超级电容器表现出较差的性能，并且苯胺三聚体取代的紫精表现出非常低的稳定性，这源于构建电解质的低溶解度。从这些结果来看，苯胺二聚体是紫精的合适取代基，并且所提出的材料有望在增强有机超级电容器的性能方面发挥重要作用。