The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise may be an underlying factor in improving several autoimmune diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence on the role of exercise training in mitigating inflammation in adolescents and adults with autoimmune disease. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were systematically reviewed for related studies published between January 1, 2003, and August 31, 2023. All randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions with autoimmune disease study participants that evaluated inflammation-related biomarkers were included. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise scale and Cochrane bias risk tool. A total of 14,565 records were identified. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 87 were eligible for the systematic review. These studies were conducted in 25 different countries and included a total of 2779 participants (patients with autoimmune disease, in exercise or control groups). Overall, the evidence suggests that inflammation-related markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α were reduced by regular exercise interventions. Regular exercise interventions combined with multiple exercise modes were associated with greater benefits. Regular exercise training by patients with autoimmune disease exerts an anti-inflammatory influence. This systematic review provides support for the promotion and development of clinical exercise intervention programs for patients with autoimmune disease. Most patients with autoimmune disease can safely adopt moderate exercise training protocols, but changes in inflammation biomarkers will be modest at best. Acute exercise interventions are ineffective or even modestly but transiently pro-inflammatory.

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运动对自身免疫性疾病的抗炎作用：20 年系统回顾

运动的抗炎作用可能是改善多种自身免疫性疾病的潜在因素。本系统综述的目的是检查运动训练在减轻患有自身免疫性疾病的青少年和成人炎症方面的作用的证据。 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Embase 数据库对 2003 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 8 月 31 日期间发表的相关研究进行了系统审查。对自身免疫性疾病研究参与者进行运动干预的所有随机和非随机对照试验，评估了炎症相关的生物标志物被包括在内。使用研究质量评估工具和运动量表报告以及 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具评估证据质量。总共识别出 14,565 条记录。在筛选标题、摘要和全文后，87 篇文章符合系统评价的条件。这些研究在 25 个不同的国家进行，共有 2779 名参与者（患有自身免疫性疾病的患者，分为运动组和对照组）。总体而言，证据表明定期运动干预可以减少 C 反应蛋白、白细胞介素 6 和肿瘤坏死因子 α 等炎症相关标志物。定期运动干预与多种运动模式相结合可带来更大的益处。自身免疫性疾病患者的定期运动训练具有抗炎作用。该系统评价为自身免疫性疾病患者临床运动干预项目的推广和发展提供支持。大多数患有自身免疫性疾病的患者可以安全地采取适度的运动训练方案，但炎症生物标志物的变化充其量也只是适度的。急性运动干预是无效的，甚至是适度但短暂的促炎症。