Ultrasound is a powerful tool in ophthalmology with a wide range of physical effects that can interact with biological tissue. This ranges from low-intensity linear transducers for diagnosis to high-intensity pulsed or continuous focused ultrasound for therapy. Designing devices for ophthalmological applications requires creating fine focal spots, minimizing heating, and accounting for eye movements. Ultrasound is essential for ophthalmologists to provide accurate diagnosis and quantitative information on tissue composition and blood flow. Ultrasound has revolutionized cataract surgery, making it less invasive and in an outpatient basis, while enhancing the safety and predictability of glaucoma treatment using high-intensity focused ultrasound. The article aims to review the complex and multifaceted bioeffects of ultrasound used in ophthalmology, and its current and future applications of ultrasound in ophthalmology, notably regarding cavitation-mediated drug delivery.

中文翻译：

---

超声在眼科中的应用：综述

超声波是眼科中的一种强大工具，具有广泛的物理效应，可以与生物组织相互作用。其范围从用于诊断的低强度线性换能器到用于治疗的高强度脉冲或连续聚焦超声。设计眼科应用设备需要创建精细的焦点、最大限度地减少热量并考虑眼球运动。超声波对于眼科医生提供准确的诊断以及有关组织成分和血流的定量信息至关重要。超声波彻底改变了白内障手术，使其侵入性更小并且可以在门诊进行，同时提高使用高强度聚焦超声波治疗青光眼的安全性和可预测性。本文旨在回顾超声在眼科中使用的复杂和多方面的生物效应，以及超声在眼科中当前和未来的应用，特别是在空化介导的药物输送方面。