The results of previous studies on the effect of vitamin D on the incidence of preeclampsia are inconsistent. Therefore, the primary objective of the present review was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on the risk of preeclampsia. Five major scientific databases were searched from inception to June 10, 2023. Studies with randomized controlled trial designs were searched. To assess the methodological quality of the selected studies, the Cochrane Tool Checklist (CTC) was used. The random effect model was chosen as a combination model. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the standard χ test, and the intensity of heterogeneity was calculated using . Effect size indicators including risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD), and number needed to treat (NNT) were calculated with estimated 95% confidence intervals. Nineteen studies were included in a systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled RR of preeclampsia in the intervention group compared to the control group was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.78; =14.4%; χ=23.37; =0.27; tau=0.05), and indicated a 39% reduction in the risk of preeclampsia. The pooled RD of preeclampsia in the intervention group compared to the control group was -0.03 (95% CI: -0.05 to -0.01; =45.5%; χ=36.68; =0.01; tau=0.0008) and the difference in the risk of preeclampsia among women who received vitamin D supplements was 3% less than the control group. The NNT was 29 (95% CI: 20 to 52). Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces preeclampsia during pregnancy.

中文翻译：

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妊娠期补充维生素 D 对先兆子痫发生率的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析

以往关于维生素D对先兆子痫发病率影响的研究结果并不一致。因此，本综述的主要目的是确定妊娠期间补充维生素 D 对先兆子痫风险的影响。检索了从成立到 2023 年 6 月 10 日的五个主要科学数据库。检索了随机对照试验设计的研究。为了评估所选研究的方法学质量，使用了 Cochrane 工具清单 (CTC)。选择随机效应模型作为组合模型。采用标准χ检验评估统计异质性，并使用 计算异质性强度。使用估计的 95% 置信区间计算效应大小指标，包括风险比 (RR)、风险差 (RD) 和需要治疗的人数 (NNT)。系统评价和荟萃分析纳入了十九项研究。与对照组相比，干预组先兆子痫的汇总 RR 为 0.61（95% CI，0.47 至 0.78；=14.4%；χ2=23.37；=0.27；tau=0.05），表明风险降低了 39%先兆子痫。与对照组相比，干预组先兆子痫的汇总 RD 为 -0.03（95% CI：-0.05 至 -0.01；=45.5%；χ2=36.68；=0.01；tau=0.0008）。接受维生素 D 补充剂的女性中，先兆子痫的发生率比对照组低 3%。NNT 为 29（95% CI：20 至 52）。补充维生素 D 可以显着减少怀孕期间的先兆子痫。