Strain engineering such as Kirigami design offers viable solutions for transforming rigid or even non-stretchable materials into highly stretchable structures, thus providing new opportunities for building flexible electronic devices with biological tissue-like mechanical properties. However, the stretchability of stretchable structures based on traditional Kirigami design strategies often relies on out-of-plane deformation, thus posing a great challenge for flexible electronic devices with high planarity requirements. Moreover, the low modulus properties of conventional soft materials also put forward new requirements for flexible electronic devices with complex mechanical environment adaptability. Here, Kirigami-like mesh composite materials (MCMs) based on shape memory polymer (SMP) and continuous carbon fibers, inspired by the laminar layout pattern of biological collagen tissues, were proposed and fabricated by 4D printing. 4D printed MCMs achieve elongation only through in-plane deformation and can combine excellent mechanical properties with high stretchability. The customizable fiber orientation enables MCMs with tunable stretchability from 1.8% to 375% and tensile modulus spanning four orders of magnitude from 0.04 MPa to 1375 MPa. In addition, owing to the variable stiffness properties and shape memory effect of SMP, it is also possible to achieve tunable stretchability and mechanical properties of MCMs with predetermined fiber orientation by controlling the ambient temperature, which facilitates the design of flexible electronic devices that conform to complex thermodynamic environments.

中文翻译：

---

具有高拉伸性和可重构性的4D打印仿生网状复合材料

Kirigami 设计等应变工程提供了将刚性甚至不可拉伸材料转变为高度可拉伸结构的可行解决方案，从而为构建具有类似生物组织机械性能的柔性电子设备提供了新的机会。然而，基于传统Kirigami设计策略的可拉伸结构的可拉伸性往往依赖于面外变形，这对平面度要求高的柔性电子器件提出了巨大的挑战。而且，常规软材料的低模量特性也对复杂机械环境适应性的柔性电子器件提出了新的要求。在此，受生物胶原组织层状布局模式的启发，提出并通过 4D 打印制造了基于形状记忆聚合物 (SMP) 和连续碳纤维的类似 Kirigami 的网状复合材料 (MCM)。4D 打印的 MCM 仅通过面内变形实现伸长，并且可以将优异的机械性能与高拉伸性结合起来。可定制的纤维取向使 MCM 具有从 1.8% 到 375% 的可调拉伸性以及从 0.04 MPa 到 1375 MPa 跨越四个数量级的拉伸模量。此外，由于SMP的可变刚度特性和形状记忆效应，还可以通过控制环境温度来实现具有预定纤维取向的MCM的可调节拉伸性和机械性能，从而有利于设计符合柔性电子器件的柔性电子器件。复杂的热力学环境。