The Cu-CuO-ZnO composite catalyst synthesized through the formic acid-assisted method, underwent thorough characterization via XRD, N physisorption, TPR, TPD, TGA, XPS, and TEM. When applied to the selective dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol, this catalyst outperformed counterparts prepared through co-precipitation and impregnation methods. The superiority is attributed to the formic acid-assisted method yielding smaller Cu nanoparticles and some CuO species, undergoing in-situ reduction by dehydrogenation-generated H. This process results in nascent Cu nanoparticles, enhancing catalytic performance. Notably, the catalyst demonstrated remarkable stability over a 100 h time-on-stream without discrepancies, highlighting the robustness of the formic acid-assisted method for 1,4-butanediol dehydrogenation.

中文翻译：

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甲酸辅助合成Cu-CuO-ZnO复合催化剂用于1, 4-丁二醇无受体选择性脱氢制γ-丁内酯

通过甲酸辅助法合成的 Cu-CuO-ZnO 复合催化剂，通过 XRD、N 物理吸附、TPR、TPD、TGA、XPS 和 TEM 进行了全面表征。当应用于1,4-丁二醇的选择性脱氢时，该催化剂的性能优于共沉淀法和浸渍法制备的催化剂。其优越性归因于甲酸辅助方法可产生更小的 Cu 纳米粒子和一些 CuO 物质，并通过脱氢产生的 H 进行原位还原。该过程产生新生的 Cu 纳米粒子，从而增强催化性能。值得注意的是，该催化剂在 100 小时的运行时间内表现出显着的稳定性，没有出现任何差异，突显了甲酸辅助 1,4-丁二醇脱氢方法的稳健性。