Food insecurity, defined by unpredictable access to food that may not meet a person's nutritional needs, is associated with higher BMI (kg/m) and obesity. People with food insecurity often have less access to food, miss meals and go hungry, which can lead to psychological and metabolic changes that favor energy conservation and weight gain. We describe a conceptual model that includes psychological (food reinforcement and delay discounting) and physiological (thermic effect of food and substrate oxidation) factors to understand how resource scarcity associated with food insecurity evolves into the food insecurity-obesity paradox. We present both animal and human translational research to describe how behavioral and metabolic adaptations to resource scarcity based on behavioral ecology theory may occur for people with food insecurity. We conclude with ideas for interventions to prevent or modify the behaviors and underlying physiology that characterize the income-food insecurity-obesity relationship.

中文翻译：

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理解收入-食物不安全-肥胖关系的心理生物生态学模型


粮食不安全是指难以预测地获得可能无法满足个人营养需求的食物，它与较高的体重指数 (kg/m) 和肥胖有关。粮食不安全的人往往获得食物的机会较少，错过饭菜并挨饿，这可能会导致心理和代谢变化，有利于能量节约和体重增加。我们描述了一个概念模型，其中包括心理（食物强化和延迟折扣）和生理（食物的热效应和底物氧化）因素，以了解与粮食不安全相关的资源稀缺如何演变成粮食不安全-肥胖悖论。我们提出了动物和人类转化研究，以描述食物不安全的人们如何根据行为生态学理论对资源稀缺进行行为和代谢适应。最后，我们提出了一些干预措施，以预防或改变收入-食物不安全-肥胖关系的行为和潜在生理学特征。