This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between self-perceived food literacy (SPFL) and quality of overall diet and main meals in Japanese adults. In total, 5998 adults aged 20–79 years were included in this analysis. The SPFL was assessed using the Japanese version of the 29-item Dutch SPFL scale (score range 1–5). Using validated dietary information, the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was calculated (score range 0–100). The mean SPFL was 3.18; the internal consistency of the overall scale was considered good (Cronbach's alpha: 0.80). The mean HEI-2015 for overall diet was 50.4. The SPFL was significantly and positively associated with the HEI-2015. Using multiple linear regression, one point increase of SPFL corresponded to an increase in HEI-2015 by a point of 4.8 for overall diet, 6.2 for breakfast, 4.6 for lunch, and 3.6 for dinner (all P < 0.0001). Six of the eight domains of SPFL (i.e., food preparation skills, resilience and resistance, healthy snack styles, examining food labels, healthy budgeting, and healthy food stockpiling) were significantly associated with the HEI-2015 for overall diet. When the HEI-2015 for each meal was examined, the domains showing significant associations with all three meals included food preparation skills, healthy snack styles, and healthy budgeting. The healthy food stockpiling was associated with the HEI-2015 for breakfast and lunch, but not dinner. The social and conscious eating and daily food planning were associated with the breakfast HEI-2015 only, with the resilience and resistance associated with the dinner HEI-2015 only. In conclusion, the SPFL was cross-sectionally associated with the quality of overall diet and main meals in Japanese adults. Further observation and intervention studies are needed to confirm the associations observed here.

中文翻译：

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自我感知的食物素养与整体饮食和主餐质量的关系：一项针对日本成年人的横断面研究

这项横断面研究旨在评估日本成年人自我感知食物素养（SPFL）与整体饮食和主餐质量之间的关系。此次分析总共包括 5998 名 20-79 岁的成年人。 SPFL 使用日本版 29 项荷兰 SPFL 量表（分数范围 1-5）进行评估。使用经过验证的饮食信息，计算出 2015 年健康饮食指数 (HEI-2015)（分数范围 0-100）。平均 SPFL 为 3.18；整个量表的内部一致性被认为良好（Cronbach's alpha：0.80）。总体饮食的平均 HEI-2015 为 50.4。 SPFL 与 HEI-2015 呈显着正相关。使用多元线性回归，SPFL 增加 1 个点对应于 HEI-2015 整体饮食增加 4.8 个点，早餐增加 6.2 个点，午餐增加 4.6 个点，晚餐增加 3.6 个点（所有 P < 0.0001）。 SPFL 的八个领域中的六个（即食品准备技能、恢复力和抵抗力、健康零食风格、检查食品标签、健康预算和健康食品储存）与 HEI-2015 整体饮食显着相关。当检查每顿饭的 HEI-2015 时，发现与所有三顿饭都显着相关的领域包括食物准备技能、健康零食风格和健康预算。健康食品储备与 HEI-2015 的早餐和午餐相关，但与晚餐无关。社交和有意识的饮食以及每日食物计划仅与早餐 HEI-2015 相关，而弹性和抵抗力仅与晚餐 HEI-2015 相关。总之，SPFL 与日本成年人的整体饮食和主餐质量存在横断面相关。需要进一步的观察和干预研究来证实此处观察到的关联。