Velocity measurements of fast-moving objects are essential to a growing number of geotechnical applications. A photonic Doppler velocimeter (PDV) was configured to acquire the velocity–time history of a decelerating projectile from impact into soil through final burial. The PDV was setup using two independent lasers that were frequency shifted by approximately 0.2 GHz, which permitted recording low velocity data that are typically lost in homodyne configuration employing one laser only. Validation tests were carried out using a rotating target which verified the PDV measurements. The PDV was deployed in a vertical impact laboratory range to obtain deceleration records within carefully prepared soil targets. Two penetration tests into clayey sand targets that were performed by impacting conical projectiles are presented to demonstrate the repeatability of the experimental methodology. In this study, deceleration histories from impact at a velocity of 155 m/s were measured. Time-dependent depth of penetration and penetration resistance were calculated, with high fidelity, from the velocity–time records. The results were nearly identical for both tests for the velocity–time record, and it was possible to track the penetration velocity down to 20 m/s. This demonstrates that PDV measurements are well suited for measuring penetration resistance at ballistic velocities.

快速移动物体的速度测量对于越来越多的岩土应用至关重要。配置光子多普勒测速仪（PDV）来获取减速射弹从撞击土壤到最终掩埋的速度-时间历史。PDV 使用两个独立的激光器进行设置，频率偏移约 0.2 GHz，这允许记录低速数据，而这些数据通常在仅使用一个激光器的零差配置中丢失。使用旋转目标进行验证测试，验证 PDV 测量结果。PDV 部署在垂直冲击实验室范围内，以获得精心准备的土壤目标内的减速记录。通过撞击锥形弹丸对粘土砂目标进行了两次渗透测试，以证明实验方法的可重复性。在本研究中，测量了以 155 m/s 的速度撞击时的减速度历史。根据速度-时间记录，以高保真度计算出随时间变化的穿透深度和穿透阻力。速度-时间记录的两次测试结果几乎相同，并且可以跟踪低至 20 m/s 的穿透速度。这表明 PDV 测量非常适合测量弹道速度下的侵彻阻力。