The problem of supererogation has attracted significant attention from contemporary moral philosophers. In this paper, we show that this problem was outlined in different terms in the work of the 11th century Persian philosopher Abū Alī Miskawayh. As well as identifying this problem, Miskawayh also developed a unique solution cashed out in terms of virtue ethics that has not yet been considered in the contemporary literature. We will argue that this solution, which is in its general form independent of virtue ethics, provides a plausible explanation of what makes some acts supererogatory and faces two important advantages over the most popular response to the problem of supererogation, The Sacrifice View. Unlike The Sacrifice View, The Cautionary Account can class acts of benevolence that advance the agent's own interests as supererogatory and easily explain why certain acts of sacrifice are neither permissible nor praiseworthy.

中文翻译：

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对过度劳作的谨慎解释

过度劳作问题引起了当代道德哲学家的极大关注。在本文中，我们表明 11 世纪波斯哲学家阿布·阿里·米斯卡瓦赫 (Abū Alī Miskawayh) 的著作中以不同的术语概述了这个问题。除了识别这个问题之外，米斯卡韦还提出了一种独特的解决方案，该解决方案在美德伦理学方面得到了兑现，而当代文献中尚未考虑过这一问题。我们认为，这种解决方案的一般形式独立于美德伦理学，它为某些行为的过度行为提供了合理的解释，并且相对于对过度行为问题最流行的回应“牺牲观”而言，它具有两个重要优势。与牺牲观不同，警示性解释可以将促进代理人自身利益的仁慈行为归类为多余行为，并轻松解释为什么某些牺牲行为既不被允许也不值得称赞。