This article focuses on the wartime experience of an intermarried family in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It examines the intermarried couple Marie and Jiří Klouda, their daughters, Helena and Mariana, and their closest relatives among the Eisner and Klouda families. Using a microhistorical perspective, this study focuses on the experiences and strategies of particular individuals and their social circles to understand their responses to shifting circumstances. Although I focus on these two families, my questions pertain to the significance of non-Jewish friends and relatives for Jews during the Holocaust. In short, what difference did these social and familial bonds make to Jewish family members? The study shows that familial and social bonds had tangible outcomes in terms of facilitating important, lifesaving contacts and favors within the forced Jewish societies in the Terezín ghetto and Prague. Prewar professional, familial, and cultural networks, and the social capital they embodied, carried over into the lives of Jews forced into Terezín and into the ghettoized society in Prague. Family and friends provided significant material and emotional support for each other. This support was especially important in a family like the Eisners-Kloudas, which experienced multiple forms of victimization during the war. During the Holocaust, non-Jewish relatives and friends could not stop the processes of genocide, but they could mitigate the effects of dispossession, isolation, deprivation, and deportation.

中文翻译：

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减轻迫害：波西米亚和摩拉维亚保护国大屠杀期间的通婚家庭和社交网络的意义

本文重点介绍波西米亚和摩拉维亚保护国一个异族通婚家庭的战时经历。它考察了异婚夫妇玛丽·克卢达 (Marie Klouda) 和伊里·克卢达 (Jiří Klouda)、他们的女儿海伦娜 (Helena) 和玛丽安娜 (Mariana)，以及艾斯纳 (Eisner) 和克卢达 (Klouda) 家族中最亲近的亲戚。本研究采用微观历史的视角，重点关注特定个人及其社交圈的经历和策略，以了解他们对不断变化的环境的反应。虽然我关注的是这两个家庭，但我的问题涉及大屠杀期间非犹太朋友和亲戚对犹太人的重要性。简而言之，这些社会和家庭纽带对犹太家庭成员有何影响？研究表明，家庭和社会纽带在促进特雷辛隔都和布拉格被迫犹太社会内部重要的、挽救生命的接触和优惠方面产生了切实的成果。战前的职业、家庭和文化网络以及它们所体现的社会资本，延续到了被迫进入特雷津和布拉格贫民窟社会的犹太人的生活中。家人和朋友互相提供了重要的物质和情感支持。这种支持对于像艾斯纳-克卢达家族这样在战争期间经历了多种形式的受害者的家庭尤其重要。在大屠杀期间，非犹太亲友无法阻止种族灭绝的进程，但他们可以减轻剥夺、孤立、剥夺和驱逐的影响。