Coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is not clear whether coffee consumption is related to CRC progression. Hence, we assessed the association of coffee consumption with CRC recurrence and all-cause mortality using data from a prospective cohort study of 1719 stage I–III CRC patients in the Netherlands. Coffee consumption and other lifestyle characteristics were self-reported using questionnaires at the time of diagnosis. We retrieved recurrence and all-cause mortality data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Personal Records Database, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression models with and without restricted cubic splines were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status, cancer stage and tumor location. We observed 257 recurrences during a 6.2-year median follow-up and 309 deaths during a 6.6-year median follow-up. Consuming more than 4 cups/d of coffee compared to an intake of <2 cups/d was associated with a 32% lower risk of CRC recurrence (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94,). The association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality was U-shaped; coffee intake seemed optimal at 3–5 cups/d with the lowest risk at 4 cups/d (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.88). Our results suggest that coffee consumption may be associated with a lower risk of CRC recurrence and all-cause mortality. The association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality appeared nonlinear. More studies are needed to understand the mechanism by which coffee consumption might improve CRC prognosis.

中文翻译：

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咖啡消费与结直肠癌复发和全因死亡率风险降低相关

喝咖啡可以降低患结直肠癌（CRC）的风险。然而，尚不清楚咖啡摄入量是否与结直肠癌进展有关。因此，我们利用荷兰 1719 名 I-III 期 CRC 患者的前瞻性队列研究数据，评估了咖啡摄入量与 CRC 复发和全因死亡率的关联。在诊断时使用问卷自我报告咖啡消费量和其他生活方式特征。我们分别从荷兰癌症登记处和个人记录数据库检索了复发和全因死亡率数据。使用带有和不带有限制三次样条的 Cox 比例风险回归模型来计算根据年龄、性别、教育程度、吸烟状况、癌症分期和肿瘤位置进行调整的风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。我们在中位随访 6.2 年期间观察到 257 例复发，在中位 6.6 年随访期间观察到 309 例死亡。与每天摄入<2 杯咖啡相比，每天摄入超过 4 杯咖啡与 CRC 复发风险降低 32% 相关（95% CI：0.49、0.94）。咖啡消费量与全因死亡率之间呈 U 形关联；咖啡摄入量似乎最佳为 3-5 杯/天，风险最低为 4 杯/天（HR：0.68，95% CI：0.53，0.88）。我们的研究结果表明，饮用咖啡可能与降低结直肠癌复发和全因死亡率的风险有关。咖啡消费量与全因死亡率之间的关联似乎是非线性的。需要更多的研究来了解咖啡摄入可能改善结直肠癌预后的机制。