Air pollution has been shown to significantly impact human health including cancer. Gastric and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers are common and increased risk has been associated with smoking and occupational exposures. However, the association with air pollution remains unclear. We pooled European subcohorts (N = 287,576 participants for gastric and N = 297,406 for UADT analyses) and investigated the association between residential exposure to fine particles (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), black carbon (BC) and ozone in the warm season (O_3w) with gastric and UADT cancer. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level. During 5,305,133 and 5,434,843 person-years, 872 gastric and 1139 UADT incident cancer cases were observed, respectively. For gastric cancer, we found no association with PM_2.5, NO₂ and BC while for UADT the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00–1.33) per 5 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5, 1.19 (1.08–1.30) per 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂, 1.14 (1.04–1.26) per 0.5 × 10⁻⁵ m⁻¹ increase in BC and 0.81 (0.72–0.92) per 10 μg/m³ increase in O_3w. We found no association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and incidence of gastric cancer, while for long-term exposure to PM_2.5, NO₂ and BC increased incidence of UADT cancer was observed.

中文翻译：

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欧洲汇总队列中长期暴露于空气污染以及胃癌和上呼吸消化道癌症的发病率：ELAPSE 项目

空气污染已被证明会严重影响人类健康，包括癌症。胃癌和上呼吸消化道 (UADT) 癌症很常见，风险增加与吸烟和职业暴露有关。然而，与空气污染的关联仍不清楚。我们汇集了欧洲子队列（N = 287,576 名胃参与者，N = 297,406 名 UADT 分析参与者），并研究了居住环境中细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 )、二氧化氮 (NO ₂ )、黑碳 (BC) 和臭氧的暴露之间的关联。暖季（O _3w）胃癌和 UADT 癌。我们应用 Cox 比例风险模型来调整个人和区域层面的潜在混杂因素。在 5,305,133 人和 5,434,843 人年期间，分别观察到 872 例胃癌和 1139 例 UADT 癌症病例。对于胃癌，我们发现与 PM _2.5、NO _{2和 BC 没有关联，而对于 UADT，PM 2.5}每增加5 μg/m ³的风险比（95% 置信区间）为 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00–1.33) ，NO ₂每增加 10 μg/m ³为 1.19 (1.08–1.30) ，BC 每增加 0.5 × 10 ^-5  m ^-1为 1.14 (1.04–1.26)，BC 每增加10 μg/m ³为 0.81 (0.72–0.92) Ø _3w。我们发现长期暴露于环境空气污染与胃癌发病率之间没有关联，而长期暴露于 PM _2.5、NO ₂和 BC 则观察到 UADT 癌症发病率增加。