A key challenge in the shared leadership literature has been a limited understanding of how multiple leadership activities are shared across team members and roles. We address this issue by conceptualizing and operationalizing shared leadership using both its content (i.e., what leadership roles are shared) and distribution (i.e., how leadership is shared across members and roles). In an exploratory study comprised of 129 work teams, we use latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify multiple shared leadership configurations that vary in the extent of sharing. Our second study of 103 MBA teams supports these findings and further (a) considers what shared leadership configurations have the greatest influence on team effectiveness, (b) examines the mediating role of teamwork processes, and (c) investigates the moderating role of temporal dispersion. We advance current research by demonstrating that shared leadership typically manifests in collective (i.e., members share all leadership roles) and distributed configurations (i.e., members hold one leadership role while other members hold other leadership roles), which has implications for team processes and effectiveness. Specifically, we show that collective configurations have higher team effectiveness (compared to distributed configurations) owing to improved teamwork processes and observe that these effects are more pronounced when temporal dispersion is high.

中文翻译：

---

检查共享领导配置及其在团队中的有效性

共享领导力文献中的一个关键挑战是对如何在团队成员和角色之间共享多种领导活动的理解有限。我们通过使用共享领导的内容（即共享哪些领导角色）和分配（即如何在成员和角色之间共享领导力）来概念化和实施共享领导来解决这个问题。在一项由 129 个工作团队组成的探索性研究中，我们使用潜在概况分析 (LPA) 来识别共享程度不同的多个共享领导配置。我们对 103 个 MBA 团队的第二项研究支持了这些发现，并进一步 (a) 考虑哪些共享领导配置对团队效率影响最大，(b) 检查团队合作流程的中介作用，以及 (c) 调查时间分散的调节作用。我们通过证明共享领导力通常表现为集体（即成员共享所有领导角色）和分布式配置（即成员担任一个领导角色，而其他成员担任其他领导角色）来推进当前的研究，这对团队流程和有效性具有影响。具体来说，我们表明，由于改进了团队合作流程，集体配置具有更高的团队效率（与分布式配置相比），并观察到当时间分散度较高时，这些效果更加明显。