DNA computing and DNA data storage are emerging fields that are unlocking new possibilities in information technology and diagnostics. These approaches use DNA molecules as a computing substrate or a storage medium, offering nanoscale compactness and operation in unconventional media (including aqueous solutions, water-in-oil microemulsions and self-assembled membranized compartments) for applications beyond traditional silicon-based computing systems. To build a functional DNA computer that can process and store molecular information necessitates the continued development of strategies for computing and data storage, as well as bridging the gap between these fields. In this Review, we explore how DNA can be leveraged in the context of DNA computing with a focus on neural networks and compartmentalized DNA circuits. We also discuss emerging approaches to the storage of data in DNA and associated topics such as the writing, reading, retrieval and post-synthesis editing of DNA-encoded data. Finally, we provide insights into how DNA computing can be integrated with DNA data storage and explore the use of DNA for near-memory computing for future information technology and health analysis applications.

DNA 计算和 DNA 数据存储是新兴领域，正在释放信息技术和诊断的新可能性。这些方法使用 DNA 分子作为计算基底或存储介质，提供纳米级的紧凑性和在非常规介质（包括水溶液、油包水微乳液和自组装膜隔室）中的操作，适用于传统硅基计算系统之外的应用。为了构建能够处理和存储分子信息的功能性 DNA 计算机，需要持续开发计算和数据存储策略，并弥合这些领域之间的差距。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了如何在 DNA 计算背景下利用 DNA，重点关注神经网络和分区 DNA 电路。我们还讨论了 DNA 数据存储的新兴方法以及相关主题，例如 DNA 编码数据的写入、读取、检索和合成后编辑。最后，我们深入探讨了 DNA 计算如何与 DNA 数据存储集成，并探索将 DNA 用于近内存计算，以实现未来信息技术和健康分析应用。