Thermal sensation is crucial to enhancing our comprehension of the world and enhancing our ability to interact with it. Therefore, the development of thermal sensation presentation technologies holds significant potential, providing a novel method of interaction. Traditional technologies often leave residual heat in the system or the skin, affecting subsequent presentations. Our study focuses on presenting thermal sensations with low residual heat, especially cold sensations. To mitigate the impact of residual heat in the presentation system, we opted for a non-contact method, and to address the influence of residual heat on the skin, we present thermal sensations without significantly altering skin temperature. Specifically, we integrated two highly responsive and independent heat transfer mechanisms: convection via cold air and radiation via visible light, providing non-contact thermal stimuli. By rapidly alternating between perceptible decreases and imperceptible increases in temperature on the same skin area, we maintained near-constant skin temperature while presenting continuous cold sensations. In our experiments involving 15 participants, we observed that when the cooling rate was $-$ 0.2 to $-$ 0.24 $^\circ$ C/s and the cooling time ratio was 30 to 50%, more than 86.67% of the participants perceived only persistent cold without any warmth.

中文翻译：

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整合独立传热机制，以低余热实现非接触式冷感呈现

热感觉对于增强我们对世界的理解以及增强我们与世界互动的能力至关重要。因此，热感觉呈现技术的发展具有巨大的潜力，提供了一种新颖的交互方法。传统技术常常会在系统或皮肤中留下余热，影响后续演示。我们的研究重点是呈现低余热的热感觉，尤其是冷感觉。为了减轻演示系统中余热的影响，我们选择了非接触式方法，并为了解决余热对皮肤的影响，我们在不显着改变皮肤温度的情况下呈现热感觉。具体来说，我们集成了两种高度响应且独立的传热机制：通过冷空气的对流和通过可见光的辐射，提供非接触式热刺激。通过在同一皮肤区域上可察觉的温度降低和不可察觉的温度升高之间快速交替，我们保持了接近恒定的皮肤温度，同时呈现出持续的冷感。在我们涉及 15 名参与者的实验中，我们观察到当冷却速率为$-$ 0.2 至$-$ 0.24$^\约$ C/s和冷却时间比例为30%至50%，超过86.67%的参与者只感觉到持续的寒冷而没有任何温暖。