Probability discounting (PD), which refers to the process of adjusting the value of future probabilities when making decisions, is a method of measuring impulsive decision-making; however, the relationship between PD and nicotine remains unclear. The current study aimed at investigating the significance of PD in individuals who smoke.

中文翻译：

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重度吸烟与概率贴现关系的系统回顾和荟萃分析

概率贴现（PD），是指决策时调整未来概率值的过程，是一种衡量冲动决策的方法；然而，PD 和尼古丁之间的关系仍不清楚。目前的研究旨在调查帕金森病对吸烟者的重要性。