The escalating use of pesticides in agriculture for enhanced crop productivity threatens aquatic ecosystems, jeopardizing environmental integrity and human well-being. Pesticides infiltrate water bodies through runoff, chemical spills, and leachate, adversely affecting algae, vital primary producers in marine ecosystems. The repercussions cascade through higher trophic levels, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between pesticides, algae, and the broader ecosystem. Algae, susceptible to pesticides via spillage, runoff, and drift, experience disruptions in community structure and function, with certain species metabolizing and bioaccumulating these contaminants. The toxicological mechanisms vary based on the specific pesticide and algal species involved, particularly evident in herbicides' interference with photosynthetic activity in algae. Despite advancements, gaps persist in comprehending the precise toxic effects and mechanisms affecting algae and non-target species. This review consolidates information on the exposure and toxicity of diverse pesticides and herbicides to aquatic algae, elucidating underlying mechanisms. An emphasis is placed on the complex interactions between pesticides/herbicides, nutrient content, and their toxic effects on algae and microbial species. The variability in the harmful impact of a single pesticide across different algae species underscores the necessity for further research. A holistic approach considering these interactions is imperative to enhance predictions of pesticide effects in marine ecosystems. Continued research in this realm is crucial for a nuanced understanding of the repercussions of pesticides and herbicides on aquatic ecosystems, mainly algae.

为了提高作物生产力而在农业中不断使用农药威胁着水生生态系统，危害环境完整性和人类福祉。农药通过径流、化学品泄漏和渗滤液渗入水体，对海洋生态系统中重要的初级生产者藻类产生不利影响。这些影响会通过更高的营养级而级联，这凸显了全面了解农药、藻类和更广泛的生态系统之间相互作用的必要性。藻类容易因溢出、径流和漂移而受到农药的影响，群落结构和功能会受到破坏，某些物种会代谢和生物累积这些污染物。毒理学机制因所涉及的具体农药和藻类种类而异，特别是除草剂对藻类光合作用活性的干扰。尽管取得了进展，但在理解影响藻类和非目标物种的精确毒性作用和机制方面仍然存在差距。这篇综述整合了有关不同农药和除草剂对水生藻类的暴露和毒性的信息，阐明了潜在的机制。重点放在农药/除草剂、营养成分及其对藻类和微生物物种的毒性作用之间复杂的相互作用。单一农药对不同藻类的有害影响的差异强调了进一步研究的必要性。考虑这些相互作用的整体方法对于加强对海洋生态系统中农药影响的预测至关重要。这一领域的持续研究对于细致了解农药和除草剂对水生生态系统（主要是藻类）的影响至关重要。