Transport electrification has been identified as a key factor in reducing CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, integrating electric commercial vehicles (ECVs) in commercial fleets is far below its potential due to many related challenges. Such challenges can be interpreted as opportunities for new business models (BMs). This study aims to explore how freight transport companies who are considering electrifying their fleets can adopt an ecosystemic approach when designing novel BMs. It applies a holistic framework to the ECV ecosystem to identify a wide range of BM solutions that can potentially contribute to designing novel BMs. This paper employs a qualitative empirical case study supported by 26 semi-structured interviews with freight transportation experts in Finland and Sweden. It proposes several BM solutions using two sets of BM design themes and elements. Further, it highlights the complex interplay between design themes by investigating their different combinations. This study also suggests that policymakers should consider the ecosystemic perspective to better understand complex interdependencies between actors in the ECV ecosystem to help them identify barriers, opportunities, and collaborative approaches to facilitate ECV integration.

中文翻译：

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电动商用车 (ECV) 的商业模式设计：生态系统视角

交通电气化已被认为是减少二氧化碳排放的关键因素。然而，由于许多相关挑战，将电动商用车 (ECV) 集成到商用车队中远未发挥其潜力。这些挑战可以被解读为新商业模式（BM）的机遇。本研究旨在探讨正在考虑对其车队进行电气化的货运公司在设计新型 BM 时如何采用生态系统方法。它将整体框架应用于 ECV 生态系统，以确定各种可能有助于设计新型 BM 的 BM 解决方案。本文采用定性实证案例研究，并以对芬兰和瑞典货运专家的 26 次半结构化访谈为支持。它使用两套 BM 设计主题和元素提出了几种 BM 解决方案。此外，它通过研究设计主题的不同组合来强调设计主题之间复杂的相互作用。这项研究还建议政策制定者应考虑生态系统的视角，以更好地理解 ECV 生态系统中参与者之间复杂的相互依赖关系，帮助他们识别障碍、机遇和协作方法，以促进 ECV 整合。