Silphium integrifolium Michx. (silflower), a perennial plant, is of great interest as a potential new oilseed crop due to its long, strong, deep, extensive root systems, which can prevent erosion, capture dissolved nitrogen, and out-compete weeds eliminating the need for frequent irrigation and herbicide uses. In this study, oil was extracted from unhulled silflower seeds, and its composition and oxidative stability were evaluated. The oil content in unhulled silflower seeds was 15.2% (wt/wt), and its fatty acid composition was similar to that of sunflower oil. The level of total polar compounds (TPC) in the oil was 12.3% (wt/wt), and the content of total phenolics was 1.12 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g oil. Noteworthily, 4.89% squalene was isolated from silflower oil indicating its potential application as an alternative source of squalene. Silflower oil had lower oxidative stability as indicated by the oxidative stability index (OSI) at 110°C and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), presumably due to its high level of chlorophyll (1002.8 mg/kg). Even after a typical refining process involving degumming, alkali refining, and bleaching with Fuller's earth, silflower oil contained 725.5 mg/kg chlorophyll, and its oxidative stability was not improved. Further treatments with bleaching agents including bentonite, sepiolite, and Tonsil® lowered the chlorophyll level to 4.2, 474.5, and 38.5 mg/kg, respectively, and some aspects of oxidative stability were improved and better than those of refined sunflower oil. This study presents the potential of silflower oil as new edible oil and a great plant source of squalene.

中文翻译：

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银花（Silphium integrifolium）籽油的成分和氧化稳定性及其作为角鲨烯新来源的潜力

长叶松果(Silphium integrifolium Michx)。银花（silflower）是一种多年生植物，作为一种潜在的新型油籽作物受到极大关注，因为它具有长、强、深、广泛的根系，可以防止侵蚀、捕获溶解氮，并在与杂草的竞争中胜出，从而无需频繁使用灌溉和除草剂用途。在这项研究中，从未去壳的银花种子中提取油，并评估其成分和氧化稳定性。未去壳的银花籽含油量为15.2%（wt/wt），其脂肪酸组成与葵花籽油相似。油中总极性化合物（TPC）的含量为12.3%（wt/wt），总酚含量为1.12毫克没食子酸当量（GAE）/克油。值得注意的是，从银花油中分离出 4.89% 的角鲨烯，表明其作为角鲨烯替代来源的潜在应用。110°C 下的氧化稳定性指数 (OSI) 和热重分析 (TGA) 表明，银花油具有较低的氧化稳定性，这可能是由于其叶绿素含量较高 (1002.8 mg/kg)。即使经过脱胶、碱精炼和漂白土漂白等典型精炼工艺，银花油仍含有 725.5 mg/kg 叶绿素，且其氧化稳定性并未得到改善。用膨润土、海泡石和 Tonsil® 等漂白剂进一步处理，叶绿素水平分别降低至 4.2、474.5 和 38.5 mg/kg，氧化稳定性的某些方面得到改善，优于精炼葵花籽油。这项研究展示了银花油作为新型食用油和角鲨烯的重要植物来源的潜力。