The intracellular metabolic network comprises a variety of reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions that occur in a temporally and spatially distinct manner. In order to coordinate these redox processes, mammalian cells utilize a collection of electron-carrying molecules common to many redox reactions, including NAD, NADP, coenzyme Q (CoQ), and glutathione (GSH). This review considers the metabolic basis of redox regulation in the context of cell proliferation by analyzing how cells acquire and utilize electron carriers to maintain directional carbon flux, sustain reductive biosynthesis, and support antioxidant defense. Elucidating the redox requirement during cell proliferation can advance the understanding of human diseases such as cancer, and reveal effective therapeutic opportunities in the clinic.

中文翻译：

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细胞增殖过程中的氧化还原需求和调节

细胞内代谢网络包含各种以时间和空间上不同的方式发生的还原氧化（氧化还原）反应。为了协调这些氧化还原过程，哺乳动物细胞利用许多氧化还原反应常见的一系列电子携带分子，包括 NAD、NADP、辅酶 Q (CoQ) 和谷胱甘肽 (GSH)。本综述通过分析细胞如何获取和利用电子载体来维持定向碳通量、维持还原生物合成和支持抗氧化防御，考虑了细胞增殖背景下氧化还原调节的代谢基础。阐明细胞增殖过程中的氧化还原需求可以增进对癌症等人类疾病的了解，并揭示临床上有效的治疗机会。