Polyurethane elastomer has become a current focal point in the field of damping materials due to superior comprehensive properties. However, its effective damping temperature range is limited, and existing methods often lead to a reduction in mechanical performance. Moreover, polyurethane exhibits poor water resistance and flame resistance, constraining its applications. In this study, we introduce a small amount of dangling chain and aromatic dynamic disulfide bond into polyurethane to achieve a balance between damping and mechanical performance. Notably, the fluorinated dangling chain improves water resistance of the material synchronously and effectively. Additionally, ammonium polyphosphate modified by melamine and diethyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate are introduced into polyurethane to improve flame resistance. The prepared polyurethane elastomer exhibits excellent comprehensive performance, featuring an effective damping (tanδ≥0.3) temperature range of 153.2 °C (−53.2 °C ∼ 100 °C), V-0 level flame resistance and excellent water resistance. Meanwhile, the heat stability of the polyurethane elastomer has been significantly enhanced, while maintaining a certain level of mechanical performance (9.72 ± 0.25 MPa, 602.4 ± 30.1%). These improvements extend the service life of polyurethane and expand its range of potential applications.

聚氨酯弹性体以其优越的综合性能成为当前阻尼材料领域的研究热点。然而，其有效阻尼温度范围有限，现有方法往往导致机械性能下降。此外，聚氨酯的耐水性和阻燃性较差，限制了其应用。在本研究中，我们在聚氨酯中引入少量的悬挂链和芳香族动态二硫键，以实现阻尼和机械性能之间的平衡。值得注意的是，氟化悬链同步有效地提高了材料的耐水性。另外，将三聚氰胺改性的聚磷酸铵和双(2-羟乙基)氨基甲基膦酸二乙酯引入聚氨酯中以提高阻燃性。所制备的聚氨酯弹性体表现出优异的综合性能，有效阻尼（tanδ≥0.3）温度范围为153.2℃（−53.2℃∼100℃），具有V-0级阻燃性和优异的耐水性。同时，聚氨酯弹性体的热稳定性得到了显着增强，同时保持了一定水平的力学性能（9.72±0.25 MPa，602.4±30.1%）。这些改进延长了聚氨酯的使用寿命并扩大了其潜在应用范围。