This paper presents a building-level post-hazard functionality model for communities exposed to flood hazards including the interdependencies between the population, buildings, and infrastructure. An existing portfolio of building archetypes is used to model the post-hazard physical flood functionality of different building typologies within the community with the goal of supporting resilience-informed decision-making. Specific fragility-based flood functionality curves were developed for this portfolio to quantify the exceedance probability of a prescribed set of functionality states. While the physical functionality of buildings is significant to the total functionality of a building and community resilience assessment, the functionality of utilities such as power and water along with the accessibility of the household to essential services such as schools and hospitals is crucial to measure their total functionality. Therefore, functionality models for essential infrastructure were developed to assess housing unit- and building-level functionality following flood hazards. This model also accounts for the functionality of the road network following a flood hazard to identify the level of accessibility of households to different services (e.g., schools, hospitals, gas stations, shopping centers, etc.). The main novelty of this paper is the ability to quantify the total functionality of buildings based on a socio-physical formulation after including the interdependencies between the functionality of the physical systems and the subsequent functionality of the socio-economic systems, which is key to measuring resilience at the community level. This was evident from the analysis results using a testbed community of Lumberton, NC, showing that the physical functionality is not sufficient to quantify the total post-hazard functionality of buildings and that the functionality of other subsystems such as utilities and accessibility to essential services are also needed to quantify the total functionality of buildings and the livability of households.

中文翻译：

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针对遭受洪水影响的建筑物的社区级灾后功能方法

本文提出了一个针对遭受洪水灾害的社区的建筑级灾后功能模型，包括人口、建筑和基础设施之间的相互依赖性。现有的建筑原型组合用于对社区内不同建筑类型的灾后物理洪水功能进行建模，目的是支持基于复原力的决策。为此组合开发了特定的基于脆弱性的洪水功能曲线，以量化一组规定的功能状态的超出概率。虽然建筑物的物理功能对于建筑物的总体功能和社区复原力评估非常重要，但电力和水等公用事业的功能以及家庭获得学校和医院等基本服务的可及性对于衡量其总体功能至关重要功能。因此，开发了重要基础设施的功能模型，以评估洪水灾害后的住房单元和建筑层面的功能。该模型还考虑了洪水灾害后道路网络的功能，以确定家庭获得不同服务（例如学校、医院、加油站、购物中心等）的可达性水平。本文的主要新颖之处在于能够基于社会物理公式量化建筑物的总体功能，其中包括物理系统的功能与社会经济系统的后续功能之间的相互依赖性，这是衡量社区层面的复原力。从使用北卡罗来纳州兰伯顿社区测试平台的分析结果中可以明显看出这一点，该结果表明物理功能不足以量化建筑物的总体灾后功能，并且其他子系统的功能（例如公用设施和基本服务的可及性）还不够。还需要量化建筑物的总体功能和家庭的宜居性。