In the field of Russian linguistics, history, and jurisprudence, the Russian language is widely regarded as a political instrument and, to some extent, reflects the development and influence of contemporary language policy of the Russian language in the Soviet Union. This study aims to examine the process, characteristics, influencing psychological and sociological factors, and consequences of Russian language policy in the early Soviet Union (1917-1930s). Thematic analysis and discourse strategy analysis methods were employed to achieve this goal. The results indicate that a well-thought-out language policy necessitates the establishment of language legislation and a precise legal definition of the status and use of different languages. The absence of language legislation can be a major drawback of language policy. While the Soviet Constitution and other relevant political documents broadly define the status and use of Russian and other languages, there is no specific language legislation regulating the use of each language. Analysis of word frequency statistics demonstrates that the key concepts of Stalinist policy differed compared to the time of Lenin’s rule, resulting in a lack of effective legal force and strong mechanisms for controlling language policy practices. As the functional advantages of the Russian language become increasingly evident, some ethnic minorities tend to lean towards studying and using it, leading to the emergence of many bilingual and even trilingual individuals. Other minorities with small or underdeveloped populations turn to the Russian language, which is the most widely spoken language. These findings contribute to the theoretical and practical knowledge base for research in the fields of linguistics, linguistic culturology, history, psycholinguistics, and political science. Subsequent research can focus on current aspects of the country’s language policy.

在俄语语言学、历史学、法学领域，俄语被广泛视为一种政治工具，在一定程度上反映了俄语在苏联当代语言政策的发展和影响。本研究旨在探讨苏联早期（1917-1930年代）俄语政策的过程、特征、影响心理和社会学因素以及后果。采用主题分析和话语策略分析方法来实现这一目标。结果表明，经过深思熟虑的语言政策需要建立语言立法并对不同语言的地位和使用做出准确的法律定义。缺乏语言立法可能是语言政策的一个主要缺陷。虽然苏联宪法和其他相关政治文件广泛定义了俄语和其他语言的地位和使用，但没有具体的语言立法规范每种语言的使用。词频统计分析表明，斯大林主义政策的关键概念与列宁统治时期不同，导致缺乏有效的法律力量和强有力的控制语言政策实践的机制。随着俄语功能优势的日益显现，一些少数民族倾向于学习和使用俄语，从而出现了许多双语甚至三语个体。其他人口较少或不发达的少数民族则转向俄语，这是使用最广泛的语言。这些发现为语言学、语言文化学、历史学、心理语言学和政治学领域的研究奠定了理论和实践知识基础。后续研究可以集中于国家语言政策的当前方面。