Pre-purchase examinations (PPEs) are performed for prospective purchasers of horses to identify prejudicial findings that could make animals unsuitable for an intended use. Although this examination process is often standardised, PPEs remain, in large parts, a subjective procedure. In the United Kingdom, PPEs generally consist of either a two stage (two stage vetting [2SV], i.e., general physical examination at rest and basic trot in-hand) or a five stage-examination (five stage vetting [5SV], i.e., general physical exam at rest and after exercise, lameness evaluation including strenuous exercise with re-evaluation after a period of recovery).

中文翻译：

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在混合马群的购买前检查中关于预期目的适用性的偏见结果——英国的一项回顾性观察研究

购买前检查 (PPE) 是为马匹的潜在购买者进行的，以确定可能导致动物不适合预期用途的偏见结果。尽管这一检查过程通常是标准化的，但个人防护装备在很大程度上仍然是一个主观程序。在英国，个人防护装备通常包括两个阶段（两阶段审查 [2SV]，即休息时的一般体检和基本手持小跑）或五阶段检查（五阶段审查 [5SV]，即、休息时和运动后的一般体检、跛行评估（包括剧烈运动并在恢复一段时间后重新评估）。