Recent work has offered a more nuanced view of incumbent actors' roles in transitions, yet a comprehensive understanding of how reorientation activities and subsequent interaction patterns among different incumbent actor types shape the direction of system reconfigurations remains underexplored. This paper proposes a framework for empirically assessing actors' relational dynamics in response to low-carbon transitions and conceptualises actor interaction types and the nature of their interaction. Through a case study of the low-carbon transition of road freight transport in Sweden, we examine how reorientation dynamics, e.g., coalitions, competition, and contestations, can facilitate and hinder system reconfigurations by creating regime tensions. Our study highlights that incumbency reorientations are multi-dimensional, with actor involvement and strategies varying, leading to divergent actor positions and role constellations as actors attempt to reconfigure the focal regime. Extending beyond the Swedish case, five avenues for future research are outlined.

最近的工作对现有参与者在转型中的角色提供了更细致的看法，但对不同现有参与者类型之间的重新定位活动和随后的互动模式如何塑造系统重新配置的方向的全面理解仍未得到充分探索。本文提出了一个框架，用于实证评估行动者响应低碳转型的关系动态，并概念化行动者互动类型及其互动的性质。通过对瑞典公路货运低碳转型的案例研究，我们研究了重新定位动态（例如联盟、竞争和争论）如何通过造成政权紧张来促进和阻碍系统重新配置。我们的研究强调，现任者的重新定位是多维的，参与者的参与和策略各不相同，导致当参与者试图重新配置焦点政权时，参与者的立场和角色格局出现分歧。除了瑞典的案例之外，还概述了未来研究的五种途径。