The mosquito microbiome is critical for host development and plays a major role in many aspects of mosquito biology. While the microbiome is commonly dominated by a small number of genera, there is considerable variation in composition among mosquito species, life stages, and geography. How the host controls and is affected by this variation is unclear. Using microbiome transplant experiments, we asked whether there were differences in transcriptional responses when mosquitoes of different species were used as microbiome donors. We used microbiomes from four different donor species spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the Culicidae, collected either from the laboratory or the field. We found that when recipients received a microbiome from a donor reared in the laboratory, the response was remarkably similar regardless of donor species. However, when the donor had been collected from the field, many more genes were differentially expressed. We also found that while the transplant procedure did have some effect on the host transcriptome, this is likely to have had a limited effect on mosquito fitness. Overall, our results highlight the possibility that variation in mosquito microbiome communities is associated with variability in host–microbiome interactions and further demonstrate the utility of the microbiome transplantation technique for investigating host–microbe interactions in mosquitoes.

中文翻译：

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埃及伊蚊肠道转录组对来自野外捕获或实验室饲养的蚊子的微生物组移植的反应不同

蚊子微生物组对于宿主发育至关重要，并且在蚊子生物学的许多方面发挥着重要作用。虽然微生物组通常由少数属占主导地位，但蚊子种类、生命阶段和地理位置之间的组成存在很大差异。宿主如何控制这种变异并受其影响尚不清楚。通过微生物组移植实验，我们询问当不同物种的蚊子用作微生物组供体时转录反应是否存在差异。我们使用了来自实验室或现场收集的跨越蚊科系统发育宽度的四种不同供体物种的微生物组。我们发现，当接受者从实验室培养的捐赠者那里获得微生物组时，无论捐赠者物种如何，反应都非常相似。然而，当从田间收集供体时，更多的基因出现了差异表达。我们还发现，虽然移植程序确实对宿主转录组产生了一些影响，但这可能对蚊子的适应性影响有限。总的来说，我们的结果强调了蚊子微生物群落的变化与宿主-微生物相互作用的变化相关的可能性，并进一步证明了微生物组移植技术在研究蚊子宿主-微生物相互作用方面的实用性。