Viral infection and the antiviral innate immune response are regulated by the RNA modification mA. mA directs nearly all aspects of RNA metabolism by recruiting RNA-binding proteins that mediate the fate of mA-containing RNA. mA controls the antiviral innate immune response in diverse ways, including shielding viral RNA from detection by antiviral sensors and influencing the expression of cellular mRNAs encoding antiviral signaling proteins, cytokines, and effector proteins. While mA and the mA machinery are important for the antiviral response, the precise mechanisms that determine how the mA machinery selects specific viral or cellular RNA molecules for modification during infection are not fully understood. In this review, we highlight recent findings that shed light on how viral infection redirects the mA machinery during the antiviral response. A better understanding of mA targeting during viral infection could lead to new immunomodulatory and therapeutic strategies against viral infection.

中文翻译：

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通过在病毒和细胞 RNA 上选择性写入、擦除和读取 m6A 来修改抗病毒先天免疫反应

病毒感染和抗病毒先天免疫反应由 RNA 修饰 mA 调节。m6A 通过招募介导含有 m6A 的 RNA 的命运的 RNA 结合蛋白来指导 RNA 代谢的几乎所有方面。mA 以多种方式控制抗病毒先天免疫反应，包括屏蔽病毒 RNA 免受抗病毒传感器的检测，以及影响编码抗病毒信号蛋白、细胞因子和效应蛋白的细胞 mRNA 的表达。虽然m6A和m6A机制对于抗病毒反应很重要，但决定m6A机制如何选择特定病毒或细胞RNA分子在感染期间进行修饰的精确机制尚不完全清楚。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近的发现，这些发现揭示了病毒感染如何在抗病毒反应过程中重定向 mA 机制。更好地了解病毒感染过程中的m6A靶向可能会导致针对病毒感染的新的免疫调节和治疗策略。