Anther culture is a promising technique used in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding, although the genetic mechanisms associated with anther culturability remain elusive. In the process of in vitro anther culture, favorable alleles for anther culture are preferentially transmitted to doubled haploid (DH) populations, resulting in biased segregation of DH populations. Therefore, the segregation distortion (SD) method is an ideal approach for mapping the genetic loci controlling anther culturability. Performing a SD analysis using a genetic map consisting of 666 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we identified five potential loci (logarithm of odds [LOD] > 3.5) that may be associated with anther culturability, including SDL2 and SDL3, which are overrepresented in japonica alleles, and SDL7, SDL9, and SDL11, which are overrepresented in indica alleles. In addition, nine pairs of epistatic interactions (EPIs) that contribute significantly (p < 0.05) to SD in the DH population were identified. Among them, the interaction between SDL2 and SDL3 is particularly noteworthy. These findings suggest that anther culturability in rice is governed by complex genetic mechanisms involving multiple nuclear genes and EPIs. This study provides insights into the genetic control underlying anther culturability in rice and lays the foundation for future research aimed at identifying causal genes associated with anther culturability.

中文翻译：

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使用分离扭曲方法解读水稻花药可培养性的遗传结构

花药培养是一种用于水稻（Oryza sativa L.）育种的有前途的技术，尽管与花药可培养性相关的遗传机制仍然难以捉摸。在体外花药培养过程中，花药培养有利的等位基因优先传递给双单倍体（DH）群体，导致DH群体的偏向分离。因此，分离扭曲（SD）方法是绘制控制花药可培养性的遗传位点的理想方法。使用由 666 个单核苷酸多态性标记组成的遗传图谱进行 SD 分析，我们鉴定了 5 个可能与花药可培养性相关的潜在位点（比值对数 [LOD] > 3.5），包括SDL2和SDL3 ，它们在粳稻等位基因中比例过高、SDL7、SDL9和SDL11，它们在籼稻等位基因中比例过高。此外，还确定了九对对 DH 群体中的 SD显着贡献 ( p < 0.05) 的上位相互作用 (EPI)。其中，SDL2和SDL3之间的相互作用尤其值得注意。这些发现表明，水稻的花药可培养性受到涉及多个核基因和 EPI 的复杂遗传机制的控制。这项研究提供了对水稻花药可培养性的遗传控制的见解，并为未来旨在识别与花药可培养性相关的因果基因的研究奠定了基础。