The well-known benefits of cover cropping for mitigating climate change and improving soil quality could be threatened by increased greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, such practices could have negative consequences in the context of global climate change. The present year-long field experiment, carried out under irrigated semiarid conditions, evaluated the effect of returning maize crop residues at two topsoil input levels in combination with bare fallow, a cereal (barley, Hordeum vulgare L.) and a legume (vetch, Vicia sativa L.) as cover crops as part of an annual cover crop–cash crop (maize, Zea mays L.) rotation. In addition, control plots, without the addition of nitrogen fertilizer (either in the previous cropping season or during the experiment), were established following the same experimental design in order to assess the carry-over impact of residual nitrogen from prior crops. Nitrous oxide (N₂O), methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes were measured together with soil mineral nitrogen and crop yields and nitrogen use efficiency. The significant effect of maize residue input on N₂O emissions during the cover crop phase (this was 43% greater for the lower maize residue input than for the higher) was offset after subsequent maize fertilization (there was a 170% increase following the higher maize residue input compared to the lower). Although no differences in soil mineral nitrogen content were reported between treatments before maize fertilization, N₂O emissions were 72% higher on the fertilized plots than on the control plots. Before maize fertilization, N₂O emissions were increased by the incorporation of cover crop residues and soil rewetting after irrigation, with the highest N₂O fluxes being reported for the cereal crop. Cumulative CO₂ fluxes were higher in the plots with cover crops (cereal and legume) than in bare fallow plots, while CH₄ sink was not affected by cover cropping or maize residue input. The grain yield penalty for maize production (a 7% decrease) with the legume cover crop on the nitrogen fertilized plots (the opposite of what was observed in the control area) highlights the need for an accurate estimation of the nitrogen supply from the mineralization of legume residues. Overall, cover crop and maize residue input did not have any significant effect on annual cumulative N₂O emissions, so the positive effects of these practices should be considered to recommend them under semiarid conditions for climate change mitigation and adaptation.

覆盖种植对于缓解气候变化和改善土壤质量的众所周知的好处可能会受到温室气体排放增加的威胁。因此，此类做法可能会在全球气候变化的背景下产生负面后果。目前在半干旱灌溉条件下进行的为期一年的田间试验，评估了两种表土输入水平下玉米作物残留物与裸露休耕地、谷类（大麦、Hordeum vulgare L.）和豆类（野豌豆、Vicia sativa L.）作为覆盖作物，作为年度覆盖作物-经济作物（玉米、Zea mays L.）轮作的一部分。此外，按照相同的实验设计建立了不添加氮肥（无论是在上一种植季节还是在实验期间）的对照地块，以评估先前作物残留氮的结转影响。测量一氧化二氮 (N ₂ O)、甲烷 (CH ₄ ) 和二氧化碳 (CO _{2 ) 通量以及土壤矿质氮、作物产量和氮利用效率。覆盖作物阶段玉米残留物输入对 N 2} O 排放的显着影响（较低玉米残留物输入比较高玉米残留物输入高 43%）在随后的玉米施肥后被抵消（较高玉米残留物输入后增加了 170%）。玉米残渣投入相比较低）。尽管玉米施肥前各处理之间的土壤矿质氮含量没有差异，但施肥地块的 N ₂ O 排放量比对照地块高 72%。玉米施肥前，由于覆盖作物残留物的掺入和灌溉后土壤的再润湿，N ₂ O 排放量增加，据报道，谷类作物的N _{2 O 通量最高。}覆盖作物（谷物和豆类）地块中的累积 CO ₂通量高于裸露休耕地块，而 CH ₄汇不受覆盖作物或玉米残留物投入的影响。在施氮肥的地块上种植豆类覆盖作物（与对照区域观察到的相反）对玉米生产的谷物产量损失（减少 7%）突出表明需要准确估计矿化过程中的氮供应。豆类残留物。_{总体而言，覆盖作物和玉米秸秆投入对年累积N 2} O排放没有任何显着影响，因此应考虑这些做法的积极影响，推荐它们在半干旱条件下减缓和适应气候变化。