Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors. As the global human population continues to increase and further pressure is added to the prospects of achieving global food security, aquaculture is expected to play an integral role in meeting future nutrition demands. With advances in genetic technologies over recent years, much progress has been made within the realm of selective breeding. Despite success, selective breeding programs have limitations to the rate of genetic gain they can achieve. The incorporation of targeted genetic technologies, such as gene editing, into research related to selective breeding programs will help identify specific genes related to commercially desirable traits, as well as expedite genetic improvement. This review summarises research encompassing the most commonly targeted traits using gene editing within aquaculture, namely reproduction and development, pigmentation, growth and disease resistance. In addition, this review illustrates how the incorporation of gene editing can expedite genetic improvement through the rapid fixation of desirable alleles, as well as suggests strategies to accelerate genetic improvement for aquaculture production.

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通过水产养殖中的基因编辑优化商业性状：加速遗传改良的策略

水产养殖是增长最快的粮食生产部门之一。随着全球人口持续增加，实现全球粮食安全的前景面临进一步压力，水产养殖预计将在满足未来营养需求方面发挥不可或缺的作用。近年来，随着遗传技术的进步，选育领域取得了很大进展。尽管取得了成功，选择性育种计划对其所能实现的遗传增益率仍存在限制。将基因编辑等针对性遗传技术纳入与选择性育种计划相关的研究中，将有助于识别与商业所需性状相关的特定基因，并加快遗传改良。这篇综述总结了水产养殖中使用基因编辑最常见的目标性状的研究，即繁殖和发育、色素沉着、生长和抗病性。此外，这篇综述说明了基因编辑的结合如何通过快速固定所需等位基因来加速遗传改良，并提出了加速水产养殖生产遗传改良的策略。