Precipitation and grazing both modify the structure and function of grassland. Although the effects of site-scale precipitation and grazing on vegetation communities have been investigated, the differences between different grassland types at the global scale are still not clear. Therefore, we conducted a global-scale meta-analysis synthesizing 107 field studies with different grassland types (savanna grassland, temperate grassland, cold grassland, and alpine grassland) to quantify the effects of global changes in precipitation and grazing on community structure and function of grassland types. Results showed that regardless of grassland type, increased precipitation increased species richness by 7.8%, decreased belowground biomass (BGB) by 20.0%, and increased aboveground biomass (AGB) by 22.9%, but interestingly, decreased precipitation increased BGB by 17.7%, decreased AGB by 22.8%, and decreased species richness by 13.7%. Species richness of global grassland vegetation was positively correlated with grazing intensity. The total vegetation community biomass (TB) increased by 11.7% under moderate grazing intensity, while the species diversity of global grassland vegetation increased by 10.7% under heavy grazing intensity. Increased precipitation had negatively impacted BGB in temperate grassland, while increased precipitation significantly increased cool grassland BGB. In savanna grasslands, vegetation AGB decreased with increasing precipitation. Our results highlight the impact of altered precipitation on grassland vegetation under different climate types. We suggest that future studies of grassland management should consider incorporating grazing intensity and climate type, which will help to protect grassland vegetation species diversity and predict future carbon dynamics.

降水和放牧都改变了草原的结构和功能。尽管场地尺度的降水和放牧对植被群落的影响已经被研究，但全球尺度上不同草地类型之间的差异仍不清楚。因此，我们综合了107个不同草原类型（稀树草原、温带草原、寒冷草原和高寒草原）的实地研究，进行了全球范围的荟萃分析，以量化全球降水量和放牧变化对草地群落结构和功能的影响。草原类型。结果表明，无论草地类型如何，降水量增加使物种丰富度增加 7.8%，使地下生物量（BGB）减少 20.0%，使地上生物量（AGB）增加 22.9%，但有趣的是，降水量减少使 BGB 增加 17.7%，减少AGB下降了22.8%，物种丰富度下降了13.7%。全球草地植被物种丰富度与放牧强度呈正相关。中等放牧强度下，植被群落总生物量（TB）增加了11.7%，而重度放牧下，全球草地植被物种多样性增加了10.7%。降水量增加对温带草原的BGB产生负面影响，而降水量的增加则显着增加了凉性草原的BGB。在稀树草原，植被 AGB 随着降水量的增加而减少。我们的结果强调了不同气候类型下降水变化对草原植被的影响。我们建议未来的草地管理研究应考虑纳入放牧强度和气候类型，这将有助于保护草地植被物种多样性并预测未来的碳动态。