We examined the dynamics of minority-directed police violence by considering how our White participants' empathy for Black victims may be influenced by critical intragroup differences related to racial stereotyping. Although the role of stereotyping in reactions to Black Americans accused of crime is well-established, we explore the influence of pejorative Black stereotypes on reactions to Black victims of police violence. Specifically, we investigated the roles of individual differences in the endorsement of the Black criminal stereotype among White observers and manipulated the crime-unrelated stereotypicality (i.e. stereotypical, counterstereotypical) of Black victims of police violence. White US MTurk participants read about a White policeman shooting a Black man (Study 1, n = 140) or sexually assaulting a Black woman (Study 2, n = 166). Across both studies, strong stereotype endorsers reported relatively low empathy for stereotypical victims, mediated by greater blame towards those victims. This finding demonstrates the relevance of heretofore untested motivated reasoning processes in the outgroup empathy deficits literature. Weak stereotype endorsers showed relatively high empathy and low victim blame regardless of Black victim stereotypicality, indicating limited sensitivity to outgroup member suffering is not inevitable. We consider the practical implications of the findings for policing and for citizenship education.

中文翻译：

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美国白人对警察暴力黑人受害者的指责和同情：贬义刻板印象如何“席卷整个领域”

我们通过考虑白人参与者对黑人受害者的同情心如何受到与种族成见相关的关键群体内差异的影响，研究了少数族裔主导的警察暴力的动态。尽管刻板印象在对被指控犯罪的美国黑人的反应中的作用是众所周知的，但我们探讨了贬义性的黑人刻板印象对对警察暴力的黑人受害者的反应的影响。具体来说，我们调查了白人观察者对黑人犯罪刻板印象的认可中个体差异的作用，并操纵了警察暴力的黑人受害者与犯罪无关的刻板印象（即刻板印象、反刻板印象）。美国 MTurk 白人参与者了解到一名白人警察射杀一名黑人男子（研究 1，n  = 140）或性侵犯一名黑人妇女（研究 2，n  = 166）。在这两项研究中，强烈的刻板印象支持者报告说，他们对刻板印象受害者的同理心相对较低，这是因为对这些受害者有更大的责备。这一发现证明了迄今为止未经测试的动机推理过程在外群体共情缺陷文献中的相关性。无论黑人受害者的刻板印象如何，弱刻板印象支持者都表现出相对较高的同理心和较低的受害者责备，这表明对外群体成员痛苦的有限敏感性并非不可避免。我们考虑研究结果对警务和公民教育的实际影响。