Forests support human wellbeing by providing multiple nature’s contributions to people (NCP). These are derived from an interplay of both natural and anthropogenic assets, which is a process known as NCP co-production. Like forests and NCP, anthropogenic assets are subject to modes of governance operating across multiple levels, in which policies are a central tool for executing formal governance. Here, we conduct a policy document analysis to investigate how policies refer to both the anthropogenic assets involved in NCP co-production and the modes of governance affecting these, i.e., hierarchical, scientific-technical, (adaptive)-collaborative governance, and the governing of strategic behaviour. The policy document analysis focuses on forestry and biodiversity conservation policies spanning across multiple governance levels, from the local level – two Biosphere Reserves and one National Park in Germany – to the supra-national level of the European Union. We find that policies predominantly address material and regulating NCP and refer to hierarchical and scientific-technical governance. Based on a redundancy analysis, we identify six archetypes of governance of NCP and the anthropogenic assets underpinning their co-production: (1) the governing of strategic behaviour for regulating NCP, (2) governing habitat management for experiences in nature, (3) governing habitat management for pest control, (4) collaborative governance for timber, (5) local governance for experiences in nature, and (6) promoting knowledge for habitat protection. Our analysis thereby unveils how policies intend to govern anthropogenic capitals related to the co-production of specific forest NCP. The findings, including the six archetypes, can support policymakers in designing policies across governance levels.

森林通过为人类提供多种自然贡献来支持人类福祉 (NCP)。这些源自自然资产和人为资产的相互作用，这一过程被称为 NCP 联合生产。与森林和NCP一样，人为资产也受到多层次治理模式的影响，其中政策是执行正式治理的核心工具。在这里，我们进行了政策文件分析，以调查政策如何涉及NCP共同生产中涉及的人为资产以及影响这些资产的治理模式，即分层、科学技术、（适应性）协作治理和治理的战略行为。政策文件分析的重点是跨越多个治理层面的林业和生物多样性保护政策，从地方层面（德国的两个生物圈保护区和一个国家公园）到欧盟的超国家层面。我们发现，政策主要涉及物质和监管 NCP，并涉及层级和科学技术治理。基于冗余分析，我们确定了NCP治理的六种原型以及支撑其共同生产的人为资产：（1）管理NCP的战略行为，（2）管理自然经验的栖息地管理，（3）治理害虫控制的栖息地管理，(4)木材的协作治理，(5)自然经验的地方治理，以及 (6)推广栖息地保护知识。因此，我们的分析揭示了政策打算如何管理与特定森林 NCP 共同生产相关的人为资本。包括六种原型在内的研究结果可以支持政策制定者设计跨治理层面的政策。