Leaf color mutations provide valuable genetic resources for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and serve as efficient tools for screening offspring in crossbreeding. In this study, a Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) mutant with yellow-green leaves (yl1) was isolated from ⁶⁰Co-γ-radiation mutation bank. Compared to wild type (WT), yl1 showed similar biomass and yield, despite a lower chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate. However, yl1 displayed significantly higher total phosphorus content after 14 days of medium and low phosphorus treatment. By using yl1 as the maternal parent, hybrid offspring could be visually distinguished at the cotyledon stage. Genetic analysis revealed that the yl1 phenotype was attributed to a single recessive mutation. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis identified 205 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 123 differential expressed genes enriched in 30 pathways or metabolisms between yl1 and WT. Remarkably, the upregulation of SPX3, 5PTase2, PHO1, PAP3, PAP2, PAP7, and IPAP16, which are involved in enhancing phosphorus absorption, assimilation, transport, and remobilization, along with PLDζ1, GDPD1, MGD2, and NPC4L, which contribute to improving lipid metabolism, collectively resulted in high accumulation of 41 phosphorus-containing DEMs (including 37 lipids) in yl1. This study emphasizes the potential of yl1 for effective screening of offspring and uncovers the interplay between photosynthesis and lipid metabolism, providing valuable insights to improve phosphorus use efficiency in Tartary buckwheat.

中文翻译：

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提高苦荞磷利用效率和快速后代筛选的黄绿叶 1 突变体的表征

叶色突变为阐明植物生长的分子调控机制提供了宝贵的遗传资源，并可作为杂交育种中筛选后代的有效工具。本研究从^60个Co-γ辐射突变体库中分离出一个黄绿色叶片的苦荞突变体( yl1 ) 。与野生型（WT）相比，yl1显示出相似的生物量和产量，尽管叶绿素含量和净光合速​​率较低。然而，经过14天的中低磷处理后，yl1表现出明显较高的总磷含量。通过使用yl1作为母本，可以在子叶阶段通过视觉区分杂交后代。遗传分析显示yl1表型归因于单一隐性突变。综合代谢组和转录组分析确定了yl1和 WT之间富含 30 条途径或代谢的 205 个差异表达代谢物 (DEM) 和 123 个差异表达基因。值得注意的是， SPX3、5PTase2、PHO1、PAP3、PAP2、PAP7和IPAP16的上调参与增强磷的吸收、同化、运输和再动员，以及PLDδ1 、 GDPD1 、 MGD2和NPC4L的上调，这有助于改善磷的吸收、同化、运输和再动员。脂质代谢，共同导致yl1中 41 种含磷 DEM（包括 37 种脂质）的大量积累。这项研究强调了yl1在有效筛选后代方面的潜力，并揭示了光合作用和脂质代谢之间的相互作用，为提高苦荞的磷利用效率提供了宝贵的见解。